Urukiko rw'Ikirenga

Re NTAGUNGIRA

[Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA - RS/INTERT/RC 00001/2022/SC (Nyirinkwaya, P.J, Hitiyaremye, Karimunda, J.) 18 Ugushyingo 2022]

Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza – Gusobanura urubanza– Inzira yo gusobanura urubanza ntiyemerera umucamanza kuba yagira icyo ahindura ku cyemezo yafashe, agaruka ku byemejwe kandi byabaye itegeko kandi n‘umuburanyi ntiyakoresha iyo nzira agamije gusa kunenga icyemezo kitamunyuze.

Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza –  Ibirego bisaba gusobanura urubanza – Hasobanurwa ibyaciweho urubanza bitumvikana mu myandikire yarwo cyangwa bishobora kumvikana mu buryo bunyuranye bitera urujijo mu rubanza (obscurité ou ambiguïté);

Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza –  ibirego bisaba gusobanura urubanza – -Umucamanza ntiyemerewe kuba yagira icyo ahindura ku cyemezo yafashe, agaruka ku byemejwe kandi byabaye itegeko;

Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza –  ibirego bisaba gusobanura urubanza - umuburanyi ntiyemerewe gukoresha iyo nzira agamije gusa kunenga icyemezo kitamunyuze.

Incamake y’ikibazo: Urubanza Nº RS/INJUST/RC 00012/2020/SC, rusabirwa gusobanurwa rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu Nsengiyumva asaba ko isambu yaguze na Ntagungira n’umugore we yamwandikwaho, abaregwa bavuga ko bamusubiza 8.000.000 Frw yatanze agura, ubugure bugaseswa kuko butakurikije amategeko. Nsengiyumva yaje gutsinda ariko abaregwa barajurira mu rukuko rukuru abana babo aribo Ntivuguruzwa  na Ntihemuka bagoboka mu rubanza bavuga ko amasezerano y’ubugure atubahirije amategeko kuko yakozwe batabizi. Urukiko rwemeje ko ubugure butakurikije amategeko, ko amasezerano asheshwe, Ntagungira n’umugore we Gitungwa bakaba bagomba gusubiza Nsengiyumva 8.000.000 Frw yatanze agura.

Urwo rubanza rwasubirishijwemo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga narwo rusanga amasezerano Nsengiyumva yakoranye na Ntagungira na Gitungwa atarakurikije amategeko bityo akaba atashingirwaho hategekwa ko bakorana ihererekanya mutungo. Urukiko rwategetse ko yasubizwa amafaranga yari yatanze ndetse n’inyungu, akanasubizwa n’amafaranga ahwanye n’agaciro k’ishyamba yari yarateye mu isambu nk’uko kagaragajwe n’Umuhanga.

Ntagungira yatanze ikirego cyo gusobanuza urwo rubanza ku kijyanye n’mafaranga y’agaciro k’ishyamba we n’umugorer we basabwe gusubiza Nsengiyumva hanyuma urubanza ruburanishwa bitabaye ngombwa guhamagara ababuranyi harebwa niba           hari      ikigomba         gusobanurwa mu         rubanza Nº RS/INJUST/RC 00012/2020/SC.

Mu mwanzuro we, Ntagungira Jérôme asaba ko Urukiko rwasobanura icyemezo cyarwo, aho rwemeje ko Nsengiyumva atagomba gusubizwa agaciro ubutaka bufite ubu, ariko ko agomba gusubizwa agaciro k’ishyamba yari yarateye mu isambu iburanwa gahwanye na 5.660.000 Frw kuko asanga ako gaciro gakubiyemo agaciro k‘ubutaka n’agaciro k‘ibiti biteyeho akurikije ibisobanuro byatanzwe na Eng. Twahirwa muri raporo Urukiko rwagendeyeho agsasaba ko urukiko rwasuma icyo kibazo Nsengiyumva agahabwa agaciro k’ishyamba gusa.

Incamake y’icyemezo:  1. Inzira yo gusobanura urubanza ntiyemerera umucamanza kuba yagira icyo ahindura ku cyemezo yafashe, agaruka ku byemejwe kandi byabaye itegeko kandi n‘umuburanyi ntiyakoresha iyo nzira agamije gusa kunenga icyemezo kitamunyuze.

2. Mu gusobanura urubanza hasobanurwa ibyaciweho urubanza bitumvikana mu myandikire yarwo cyangwa bishobora kumvikana mu buryo bunyuranye bitera urujijo mu rubanza (obscurité ou ambiguïté);

3. Mu rubanza rurebana n’ikirego gisaba gusobanura urubanza, umucamanza ntiyemerewe kuba yagira icyo ahindura ku cyemezo yafashe, agaruka ku byemejwe kandi byabaye itegeko;

4. Ibirego bisaba gusobanura urubanza - Umuburanyi ntiyemerewe gukoresha inzira  y’ugusobanura urubanza agamije kunenga icyemezo kitamunyuze.

Ikirego gisaba gusobanuza urubanza nta shingiro gifite;

Nta kidasobanutse muri urwo rubanza gikeneye gusobanurwa.

Amategeko yashingiweho:

Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 138, 140, 190.

Nta manza zifashishijwe

Inyandiko z’abahanga zifashishijwe:

Fricero Natalie, Interprétation du jugement, dans droit et pratique de la procédure civile, 10ème édition, 2020, sous la direction de Serge Guinchard, Dalloz, p.1939.

Urubanza

I.  IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA:

[1]               Urubanza Nº RS/INJUST/RC 00012/2020/SC, rusabirwa gusobanurwa rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu Nsengiyumva Théoneste asaba ko isambu yaguze na Ntagungira Jérôme n’umugore we Gitungwa Esther yamwandikwaho kuko yayiguze mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, abaregwa bavuga ko bamusubiza 8.000.000 Frw yatanze agura, ubugure bugaseswa kuko butakurikije amategeko.

[2]               Ku rwego rwa mbere Nsengiyumva Théoneste yatsindiye ibyo yaregeraga, Ntagungira Jérôme na Gitungwa Esther bajurira mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, naho abana babo Ntivuguruzwa Martin na Ntihemuka Albert bagoboka mu rubanza, bavuga ko amasezerano y’ubugure atubahirije amategeko kuko yakozwe batabizi nyamara amategeko yariho yarateganyaga ko bagombaga kubanza kwemera ubwo bugure. Urukiko rwemeje ko ubugure butakurikije amategeko, ko amasezerano asheshwe, Ntagungira Jérôme n’umugore we Gitungwa Esther bakaba bagomba gusubiza Nsengiyumva Théoneste 8.000.000 Frw yatanze agura.

[3]               Urwo rubanza rwasubirishijwemo ku mpamvu z’akarengane. Mu rubanza Nº RS/INJUST/RC 00012/2020/SC, uru rukiko narwo rwasanze amasezerano Nsengiyumva Théoneste yakoranye na Ntagungira Jérôme na Gitungwa Esther atarakurikije amategeko, akaba atashingirwaho hategekwa ko bakorana ihererekanya mutungo.

[4]               Ku bijyanye ariko n’ibyo yasubizwa, Urukiko rwasanze Nsengiyumva Théoneste atahabwa amafaranga ahwanye n’agaciro ubutaka bufite ubu, ariko nanone atahabwa gusa 8.000.000Frw yatanze agura isambu kuko nyuma y’imyaka ine irenga atanze ayo mafaranga, agaciro yari afite icyo gihe atariyo agifite ubu, mu gihe ubutaka asubije bwo butigeze buta agaciro, rutegeka ko ayasubizwa hiyongereyeho inyungu za 2.814.222 Frw. Rwasanze kandi agomba gusubizwa 5.660.000 Frw y’agaciro k’ishyamba yari yarateye mu isambu nk’uko kagaragajwe n’Umuhanga Eng.Twahirwa Hebert muri raporo ye.

[5]               Muri uru rubanza, Ntagungira Jérôme arasaba ko hasobanurwa icyemezo Urukiko rwafashe ku bijyanye n’amafaranga y’agaciro k’ishyamba we na Gitungwa Esther bategetswe gusubiza Nsengiyumva Théoneste.

[6]               Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu nama y’Abacamanza ku wa 11/10/2022, bitabaye ngombwa guhamagara umuburanyi, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 140, igika cya mbere[1], n’ingingo ya 190, igika cya kabiri[2], z’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi.

II. IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA RYACYO:

Kumenya       niba     hari     ikigomba        gusobanurwa mu       rubanza Nº RS/INJUST/RC 00012/2020/SC

[7]               Mu mwanzuro we, Ntagungira Jérôme asaba ko Urukiko rwasobanura icyemezo cyarwo, aho rwemeje ko Nsengiyumva Théoneste atagomba gusubizwa agaciro ubutaka bufite ubu, ariko ko agomba gusubizwa agaciro k’ishyamba yari yarateye mu isambu iburanwa gahwanye na 5.660.000 Frw kuko asanga ako gaciro gakubiyemo agaciro k‘ubutaka n’agaciro k‘ibiti biteyeho akurikije ibisobanuro byatanzwe na Eng. Twahirwa Hébert muri raporo Urukiko rwagendeyeho.

[8]               Asobanura ko uwo muhanga yagaragaje muri raporo ye ko ubutaka bufite ubuso bwa 18.053 Sqm n‘agaciro ka 32.495.400 Frw habariwe 1.800 Frw kuri Sqm, naho ishyamba rikaba rifite ubuso bwa 2.264 Sqm n‘agaciro ka 5.660.000 Frw habariwe 2.500 Frw kuri Sqm, iyo mibare ikaba igaragaza ko agaciro k‘ubutaka bwonyine ari 4.075.200 Frw (2.264 Sqm x 1.800), naho agaciro k’ubutaka buteyeho ibiti kakaba ari 5.660.000 Frw (2.264 Sqm x 2.500 Frw ), bivuze ko agaciro kiyongereye ku butaka bumaze guterwaho ishyamba ari nako gaciro kagomba guhabwa Nsengiyumva Théoneste, ni ukuvuga 1.584.800 Frw (5.660.000 Frw - 4.075.200 Frw).

[9]               Asoza asaba ko uru rukiko rwasuzuma iyo nenge, Nsengiyumva Théoneste akagenerwa 1.584.800 Frw ahwanye n’agaciro nyakuri k’ishyamba (ibiti).

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA:

[10]           Ingingo ya 138 y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko ibirego bisaba gusobanura cyangwa gukosora amakosa ari mu rubanza biregerwa urukiko rwaciye urwo rubanza bigasuzumwa n’umucamanza waruciye [     ].

[11]           Mu rurimi rw’igifaransa iyo ngingo yumvikanisha neza ko hasobanurwa ibyaciweho urubanza bitumvikana mu myandikire yarwo cyangwa bishobora kumvikana mu buryo bunyuranye bitera urujijo mu rubanza (obscurité ou ambiguïté)[3]. Ibi ni nabyo bisobanurwa n’abahanga mu mategeko, bahereye ku manza zaciwe n‘inkiko, ko inzira yo gusobanura urubanza itemerera umucamanza kuba yagira icyo ahindura ku cyemezo yafashe, agaruka ku byemejwe kandi byabaye itegeko[4]. Ibi bivuze ko n‘umuburanyi atakoresha iyo nzira agamije gusa kunenga icyemezo kitamunyuze.

[12]           Ku birebana n’uru rubanza, Urukiko rurasanga  Ntagungira  Jérôme aho kwerekana icyaba kitumvikana mu myandikire yarwo cyangwa igishobora kumvikana mu buryo bunyuranye ku bijyanye n’amafaranga y’agaciro k’ishyamba we n’umugore we Gitungwa Esther bategetswe kwishyura Nsengiyumva Théoneste, anenga ahubwo icyemezo cyarwo, agaragaza ibyo rwagombye kuba rwaramugeneye cyangwa rwaremeje, yitwaje isesengura rye bwite ku bisobanuro byatanzwe n’Umuhanga Eng. Twahirwa Hébert muri raporo ye, nyamara icyemezo cyarwo gisobanutse, kikaba kitasubirwamo hakoreshejwe inzira yo gusobanura.

[13]           Hashingiwe ku ngingo y’itegeko yavuzwe n‘ibisobanuro bimaze gutangwa, Urukiko rurasanga ntagikeneye gusobanurwa mu rubanza N° RS/INJUST/RC 00012/2020/SC.

III.         ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO:

[14]           Rwemeje ko ikirego cya Ntagungira Jérôme gisaba gusobanuza urubanza N° RS/INJUST/RC 00012/2020/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 22/07/2022, nta shingiro gifite;

[15]           Rwemeje ko nta kidasobanutse muri urwo rubanza gikeneye gusobanurwa.