Urukiko rw'Ikirenga

BAYINGANA N’UNDI v NDABAMENYE

[Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA -  RS/INJUST/RC 00012/2019/SC (Mukamulisa P.J, Nyirinkwaya, Hitiyaremye, Karimunda na Muhumuza, J.) 22 Nyakanga 2022]

Amategeko agenga imiburanishirije y’imanza – Amasezerano – Amasezerano y’ubutumwa – Avoka – Amasezerano y’ubutumwa bwo guhagararira umuburanyi mu rukiko –  N’ubwo ubusanzwe Avoka afatwa nk’ufite ubutumwa (présumé) bwo guhagararira uwo aburanira, iyo habaye ugukemanga ku butumwa yaba yarahawe, asabwa kubugaragaza kugira ngo iburanisha ry’urubanza rigende neza.

Amategeko agenga amasezerano – Amasezerano y’ubutumwa bwo guhagararira umuburanyi – Ingaruka zo guhagarira umuburanyi utaguhaye ubutumwa –Abahagararira abandi mu nkiko babikora mu rwego rw’ubutumwa baba barahawe – Iyo Avoka yaburanye urubanza nta butumwa yahawe ibyo yakoze byose biteshwa agaciro, ibintu bigasubira uko byari bimeze mbere y’uko izo manza zibaho.

Incamake y’ikibazo: Bayingana yaguze ikibanza cya Ndabamenye muri cyamunara aza kucyandikwaho we n’umugore we witwa Bazigaga ariko Ndabamenye nyuma aza kuregera Urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge arusaba kwemeza ko icyo kibanza n’ibindi birmo ari bye anarusaba gutesha agaciro icyemezo cy’umutungo cyanditse kuri Bayingana na Bazigaga kikamwandikwaho. Urukiko rwasanze icyo kirego nta shingiro gifite kuko abaregwa babonye icyo kibanza mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. Ndabamenye yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rutasuzumye inzitizi y’uko iki kibazo cyaburanwe mu rundi rubanza ko kandi yabujijwe uburenganzira bwo kuvuguruzanya. Urukiko Rukru rwemeje ko ikibanza kiburanwa ari icya Ndabamenye bityo ko ko ikibanza cyari gifite Nº 17 ubu gifite UPI Nº 1/01/09/03/1077 ari icye.

Mwiburanisha, Urukiko rwemeje ko ruzakora iperereza rukagera ahari ikiburanwa, maze iperereza rirakorwa, Me Rudakemwa Jean Félix asaba ko uwitwa Zigirababiri Protais abazwa nk’umutangabuhamya. Mu ibazwa rye, uwo mutangabuhamya yamenyesheje Urukiko ko Ndabamenye Eraste yapfuye mu kwezi kwa 2/2020 aguye muri Afurika y’Epfo.

Nyuma yo kubona amakuru y’uko Ndabamenye yaba yarapfuye nyamara Avoka uvuga ko amuhagarariye akaba ntacyo yamenyesheje Urukiko, rumaze no gusuzuma inyandiko zigize dosiye rukabona ko hari amakuru arimo ateye urujijo cyane cyane arebana n’umwirondoro wa Ndabamenye, rwasanze hari ugushidikanya ku butumwa yaba yarahaye Me Rudakemwa Jean Félix uvuga ko amuhagarariye, rusanga ari ikibazo ndemyagihugu kigomba kubanza gusuzumwa no gufatwaho icyemezo mbere y’ibindi byose

Urukiko rwasabye Me Rudekemwa gutanga ibimenyesto by’ubutumwa yaba yarahawe no gufatanya n’abagize umuryango wa Ndabamenye gushaka no kugaragaza icyemezo cy’uko yapfuye. Igihe bahawe cyo kuzana ibyo byemezo cyarageze ariko ntibabigaragaza bituma Urukiko rubanza gusuzuma niba Avoka hari ubutumwa yahawe bwo guhagararira Ndabamenye. Me Rudakemwa avuga ko afite ububasha yahawe bwo guhagararira Ndabamenye kuva mu manza zabanjririje uru kandi ko amwishyura nta kibazo. Akomeza avuga ko baheruka kuvugana mu ntangiro za 20019.

Uwasubirishijemo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane, we asanga imyitwarire ya Me Rudakemwa Jean Félix iteye impungenge, ndetse bikaba bigoye kwemera ko ibyo abwira Urukiko bijyanye n’urupfu rw’uwo aburanira, ari ukuri, ahubwo ko iyo myitwarire ishimangira ikibazo bagaragaje mu Rukiko Rukuru cy’uko atigeze ahabwa ubutumwa bwo guhagararira Ndabamenye Eraste bitewe n’uko mu maburanisha yabanje mu nkiko zo hasi, byaje kugaragara ko atabaga afite amakuru ahagije k’uwo aburanira no ku kiburanwa.

Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. N’ubwo ubusanzwe Avoka afatwa nk’ufite ubutumwa (présumé) bwo guhagararira uwo aburanira, iyo habaye ugukemanga ku butumwa yaba yarahawe, asabwa kubugaragaza kugira ngo iburanisha ry’urubanza rigende neza.

2. Iyo Avoka yaburanye urubanza nta butumwa yahawe ibyo yakoze byose biteshwa agaciro, ibintu bigasubira uko byari bimeze mbere y’uko izo manza zibaho, kuba nta butumwa Me Rudakemwa yahawe na Ndabamenye bwo kumuhagararira mu manza, ibyo akoze akaba atari abifitiye ububasha bityo bikaba ari imfabusa.

Urubanza N° RC 00276/2016/TGI/NYGE n’urubanza N° RCA 00367/2016/HC/KIG Me Rudakemwa yaburaniye Ndabamenye ziteshejwe agaciro bityo ibintu bisubiye uko byari bimeze mbere y’uko izo manza zibaho.

Amategeko yashingiweho:

Itegeko Nº 32/2016 ryo ku wa 28/08/2016 rigenga abantu n’umuryango, ingingo ya 15

Itegeko Nº 83/2013 ryo ku wa 11/09/2013 rishyiraho Urugaga rw’Abavoka mu Rwanda rikanagena imitunganyirize n’imikorere yarwo, ingingo ya 2, 47.

Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 9, 121.

Imanza zifashishijwe:

Uwitonze n’abandi na Rwigema, RCAA0028/11/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 11/05/2012, Icyegeranyo cy’Ibyemezo by’inkiko, Igitabo cya gatatu, Nº 14, Nyakanga, 2012, P. 58-60.

Nyamuhungu na Rusenyi Coffee Growers, RS/REV/RCOMA003/12/CS rwaciwe n’Uurukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 06/09/2013.

Ubushinjacyaha na RWIGASS CIGARETTE COMPANY SARL n’undi, RPAA 0056/06/CS- RPAA 0155/06/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 30/05/2008.

Inyandiko z’abahanga zifashishijwe

Serge Guinchard, Droit et pratique de la procédure civile, 8 éd., Paris, Dalloz, 2014/2015, p. 544,

Natalie Fricero na Pierre Julien, Procédure civile, 5e édition, édition LGDJ, Extenso éditions, Paris, 2014, page 54 – 55.

H. Solus – R. Perrot, Droit judiciaire privé, t.3: Procédure de première instance, Sirey, Revue internationale de droit comparé,1991, P.45.

D. Cholet, « Représentation et assistance en justice », Rép.pr.civ, 2012 (actualisation juin 2016).

D. Cholet, « Représentation et assistance en justice », art.cit. Spéc. N° 72.

Antoine Bolzele, Règles du mandat ad litem: inapplication au tiers qui mandate un avocat, https://www.dalloz-actualite.fr/flash/regles-du-mandat-ad-litem-inapplication-au-tiers-qui-mandate-un-avoca, 10 janvier 2019, consultée le 07 Juin 2022.

Urubanza

I.                  IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA

[1]               Ku wa 13/07/1996, Bayingana Ntango Théodomir yaguze muri cyamunara ikibanza n'amazu acyubatsemo bya Ndabamenye Eraste biherereye mu Kagari ka Kiyovu, Umurenge wa Nyarugenge, ku giciro cya 12.600.000 Frw hashingiwe ku cyemezo no 285/96 cyo ku wa 04/04/1996 giteza cyamunara umutungo wa Ndabamenye Eraste kugira ngo hishyurwe umwenda yari afitiye Banki yitwaga BACAR S.A.

[2]               Ndabamenye Eraste yaregeye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge arusaba kwemeza ko ikibanza Nº 1077 n’ibirimo ari ibye, anasaba gutesha agaciro icyemezo cy’umutungo cyanditse kuri Bayingana Ntango Théodomir na Bazigaga Adèle, kikamwandikwaho.

[3]               Mu rubanza Nº RC 00276/2016/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe ku wa 27/07/2016, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwemeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Ndabamenye Eraste nta shingiro gifite, ko ikibanza kiburanwa ari icya Bayingana Ntango Théodomir n’umugore we Bazigaga Adèle kubera ko bakibonye mu buryo bukurikije amategeko kandi ko nta mpamvu yo gutesha agaciro ibyangombwa by’umutungo wabo.

[4]               Ndabamenye Eraste yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rutasuzumye inzitizi y’uko iki kibazo cyaburanwe mu rundi rubanza ko kandi yabujijwe uburenganzira bwo kuvuguruzanya.

[5]               Mu rubanza Nº RCA 00367/2016/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 12/01/2018, Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Ndabamenye Eraste bufite ishingiro, ko ikibanza cyari gifite Nº 17 ubu gifite UPI Nº 1/01/09/03/1077, ari icya Ndabamenye Eraste.

[6]               Bayingana Ntango Théodomir yandikiye Perezida w'Urukiko rw'ubujurire amusaba gusuzuma akarengane yagiriwe muri urwo rubanza kugira ngo mu gihe byaba byemejwe na Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, rwongere ruburanishwe. Mu cyemezo cye no 212/CJ/SC cyo kuwa 05/12/2019, Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga yemeje ko urubanza Nº RCA 000367/2016/HC/KIG rwongera kuburanishwa, ikirego cyandikwa kuri N° RS/INJUST/RC 00012/2019/SC.

[7]               Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 12/10/2020, Bayingana Ntango Théodomir aburanirwa na Me Mbarushimana Aimé, Baingana Ntango Christine aburanirwa na Me Rukarishya Philémon naho Ndabamenye Eraste aburanirwa na Me Rudakemwa Jean Félix. Urukiko rwabanje gusuzuma inyandiko Bayingana Ntango Théodomir yatanze igaragaza ko umugore we bari bafatanyije urubanza ariwe Bazigaga Adèle yapfuye. Nyuma yo kubona ko dosiye igaragaza ko bashyingiranywe mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko kandi bafatanyije umutungo uburanwa, Urukiko rwasanze, ku ruhande rurega, uru rubanza rugomba gukomezwa na Bayingana Ntango Théodomir wenyine.

[8]               Urukiko rwanasuzumye inzitizi yatanzwe na Me Rudakemwa Jean Félix uhagarariye Ndabamenye Eraste wavugaga ko Bayingana Ntango Théodomir atubahirije ibihe byo gusaba gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane, rusanga nta shingiro ifite nyuma yo kubona ko Bayingana Ntango Théodomir yatanze ikirego mbere y’iminsi 30 iteganywa n’ingingo ya 56, igika cya mbere y’Itegeko no 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’Inkiko.

[9]               Ku bijyanye no kuba Baingana Ntango Christine yarasabye ko yakurwa muri uru rubanza kuko nta nyungu arufitemo, Urukiko rwasanze nta cyatuma arukurwamo kubera ko ingingo ya 63, igika cya mbere, y’Itegeko N° 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko iteganya ko iyo Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga yemeje ko urubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, ruburanishwa bundi bushya abarubayemo ababuranyi bose bahari.

[10]           Muri iryo buranisha kandi ryo ku wa 12/10/2020, Urukiko rwemeje ko ruzakora iperereza rukagera ahari ikiburanwa, maze ku wa 29/12/2020, iperereza rirakorwa, Me Rudakemwa Jean Félix asaba ko uwitwa Zigirababiri Protais abazwa nk’umutangabuhamya. Mu ibazwa rye, uwo mutangabuhamya yamenyesheje Urukiko ko NDABAMENYE Eraste yapfuye mu kwezi kwa 2/2020 aguye muri Afurika y’Epfo.

[11]           Nyuma yo kubona amakuru y’uko Ndabamenye Eraste yaba yarapfuye nyamara Avoka uvuga ko amuhagarariye akaba ntacyo yamenyesheje Urukiko, rumaze no gusuzuma inyandiko zigize dosiye rukabona ko hari amakuru arimo ateye urujijo cyane cyane arebana n’umwirondoro wa Ndabamenye Eraste, rwasanze hari ugushidikanya ku butumwa yaba yarahaye Me Rudakemwa Jean Félix uvuga ko amuhagarariye, rusanga ari ikibazo ndemyagihugu kigomba kubanza gusuzumwa no gufatwaho icyemezo mbere y’ibindi byose.

[12]           Uru rubanza rwongeye kuburanishwa ku wa 06/01/2021, ababuranyi bahagarariwe nka mbere, buri ruhande rugira icyo ruvuga ku makuru yabonetse y’uko Ndabamenye Eraste yaba yarapfuye no kumenya niba yari yarahaye Me Rudakemwa Jean Félix ubutumwa bwo kumuhagararira.

[13]           Nyuma y’izo mpaka, Urukiko rushingiye ku bibazo byavutse muri uru rubanza nk’uko byavuzwe haruguru, rwategetse Me Rudakemwa Jean Félix gutanga ibimenyetso by’ubutumwa yaba yarahawe bitarenze ku wa 20/01/2021, runamutegeka gufatanya n’abo mu muryango wa Ndabamenye Eraste kuzarushyikiriza inyandiko igaragaza ko Ndabamenye Eraste yapfuye n’inyandiko yerekana abazungura be bagomba gukomeza urubanza itanzwe n’urwego rubifitiye ububasha, bitarenze ku wa 08/03/2021.

[14]           Urubanza rwongeye guhamagazwa ku wa 19/10/2021 na none ababuranyi bose bahagarariwe nka mbere. Nyuma yo kubona ko ibyategetswe n’Urukiko bitashyizwe mu bikorwa, rwemeje ko mbere y’uko iburanisha rikomeza, rugomba kubanza gusuzuma ikibazo kijyanye no kumenya niba hari ubutumwa (mandat) Me Rudakemwa Jean Félix yahawe bwo kuburanira Ndabamenye Eraste, rumenyesha ababuranyi ko icyemezo kuri icyo kibazo kizafatwa ku wa 29/10/2021.

[15]           Mu gihe ariko urubanza rwari rugisuzumwa, ku itariki ya 27/10/2021, Urukiko rwabonye inyandiko Me Rudakemwa Jean Félix yashyize muri dosiye z’abitwa Mushimiyimana Pauline, Nyirabarenzi Pelagia na Mukasine Marie Louise bavuga ko ari abazungura ba Ndabamenye Eraste, ko kandi bamuhaye uburenganzira bwo kubahagararira muri uru rubanza. Ibyo byatumye ku wa 29/10/2021, Urukiko ruca urubanza rubanziriza urundi, rwemeza ko iburanisha ryongera gupfundurwa, iburanisha rikazasubukurwa ku wa 11/01/2022.

[16]           Kuri iyo tariki, Me Rudakemwa Jean Félix yashyize muri dosiye inyandiko yatangiwe muri Swaziland (Eswatini) igaragaza ko Ndabamenye Eraste yapfuye tariki ya 04/02/2020 agapfira Mbabane. Iyi nyandiko ivuga ko yatanzwe ku wa 05/02/2020 bisabwe na Nyirabagenzi Pelagie.

[17]           Nyuma yo kubona ko iyo nyandiko yatangiwe mu mahanga kandi ikaba itaranyujijwe muri Ambassade y’u Rwanda, Urukiko rushingiye ku ngingo ya 15 y’Itegeko Nº 32/2016 ryo ku wa 28/08/2016 rigenga abantu n’umuryango nk’uko ryavuguruwe kugeza ubu[1], rwategetse Me Rudakemwa Jean Félix kurushyikiriza inyandiko igaragaza ko Ndabamenye Eraste yapfuye itanzwe n’urwego rubifitiye ububasha bitarenze ku wa 10/03/2022. Iyo nyandiko ntiyigeze ishyikirizwa Urukiko.

[18]           Urubanza rwongeye kuburanishwa ku wa 16/05/2022, Bayingana Ntango Théodomir ahagarariwe na Me Ndahiro Isaac, Baingana Ntango Christine ahagarariwe na Me Rukarishya Philémon, Ndabamenye Eraste adahagarariwe, ariko Me Rudakemwa Jean Félix uvuga ko amuhagariye yatumye Me Habiyambere Aphrodis gusubikisha urubanza kubera ko afite urundi mu Rukiko rw’Ibanze rwa Kicukiro.

[19]           Kuri iyo tariki kandi, abahagarariye Bayingana Ntango Théodomir na Baingana Ntango Christine bashyikirije Urukiko inyandiko yatanzwe na Leta ya Eswatini (Ministry of Home Affairs), ivuga ku bintu bitandukanye bikubiye mu cyemezo cy’uko Ndabamenye Eraste yapfuye cyari cyarashyikijwe Urukiko, ikaba ivuga ko bitari ukuri « the said certificate is not authentic ». Urukiko rwamenyesheje ababuranyi ko ruzasuzuma iyo nyandiko nyuma urubanza niruramuka rukomeje.

[20]           Ku bijyanye n’ubusabe bwa Me Rudakemwa Jean Félix bwo gusubika iburanisha, Urukiko rwasanze nta shingiro bufite kubera ko yari asanzwe azi itariki iburanisha ryimuriweho, runibutsa ko muri uru rubanza habayemo ibibazo byatumye iburanisha ridindira, icya mbere akaba ari icyo kumenya niba hari ikigaragaza ko hari ubutumwa (mandat) Me Rudakemwa Jean Félix yahawe bwo kuburanira Ndabamenye Eraste, hakaba n’ikibazo cy’uko nta cyemezo gikurikije amategeko cy’uko Ndabamenye Eraste yapfuye cyari cyashyikirizwa Urukiko. Rwanzuye ko rugiye kubanza gusuzuma ikibazo cya mbere, igisubizo cyacyo akaba ari cyo kizatuma hamenyekana niba iburanisha ry’urubanza ryakomeza.

II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYABYO

a.                  Kumenya niba hari ubutumwa (mandat) Me Rudakemwa Jean Félix yahawe bwo kuburanira Ndabamenye Eraste.

[21]           Me Rudakemwa Jean Félix avuga ko Ndabamenye Eraste yamuhaye ububasha bwo kumuhagararira kuva mu manza zabanjirije uru, ndetse akaba amwishyura nta kibazo. Avuga kandi ko aheruka kuvugana n’umukiliya we mu ntangiriro z’umwaka wa 2019, ko ariko yari azi ko azamuha raporo uru rubanza rurangiye. Anavuga ko ibijyanye n’uru rubanza abivugana n’abavandimwe ba Ndabamenye Eraste ari nabo bamubwiye amakuru y’uko Ndabamenye Eraste yapfuye mu kwezi kwa 2/2020, gusa bakaba bataramushyikiriza icyemezo cy’urwo rupfu kubera ko hagati aho hateye icyorezo cya Covid-19 kigatuma mu bihugu bitandukanye hashyirwaho ingamba za « guma mu rugo », bityo ntibabasha kugishaka.

[22]           Yongeraho ko mu gihe nta kimenyetso kiraboneka kigaragaza ko koko Ndabamenye Eraste yapfuye, asanga agifite uburenganzira bwo kumuhagararira mu rubanza. Nyuma y’uko ashyikirije Urukiko icyemezo kivuga ko Ndabamenye yapfuye, yabajijwe niba akimuhagarariye, asubiza ko Urukiko ari rwo rwazabifataho icyemezo.

[23]           Urukiko rwamubajije niba hari ikimenyetso afite kigaragaza ko yari asanzwe ashyikirana (s’il était en contact) n’umukiliya we, nk’inyandiko n’ubutumwa bohererezanyaga cyangwa ikindi, asubiza ko bavuganaga kuri telefoni gusa.

[24]           Me Mbarushimana Aimé uburanira Bayingana Ntango Théodomir na Me Rukarishya Philémon uburanira Baingana Ntango Christine bavuga ko bibabaje kubona Me Rudakemwa Jean Félix yaramenye amakuru ajyanye n’urupfu rw’uwo avuga ko aburanira ariko akicecekera kugeza ubwo Urukiko nabo ubwabo babimenyeye mu iperereza. Bavuga ko ayo makuru atatanze mbere yatumye havuka ikibazo cy’amategeko muri uru rubanza kuko rutakomeza kandi bivugwa ko umuburanyi yapfuye. Bongeraho ko mu gihe Me Rudakemwa Jean Félix yari abonye ayo makuru, yagombaga kuyavuga ndetse agatanga icyemezo cy’uko uwo aburanira yapfuye nk’uko Me Mbarushimana Aimé yabigenje nyuma y’urupfu rw’umugore wa Bayingana Ntango Théodomir.

[25]           Basanga kandi imyitwarire ya Me Rudakemwa Jean Félix iteye impungenge, ko ndetse bigoye kwemera ko ibyo abwira Urukiko bijyanye n’urupfu rw’uwo aburanira, ari ukuri, ahubwo ko iyo myitwarire ishimangira ikibazo bagaragaje mu Rukiko Rukuru cy’uko atigeze ahabwa ubutumwa bwo guhagararira Ndabamenye Eraste bitewe n’uko mu maburanisha yabanje mu nkiko zo hasi, byaje kugaragara ko atabaga afite amakuru ahagije k’uwo aburanira no ku kiburanwa. Bavuga ariko ko Urukiko Rukuru rutahaye agaciro impungenge zabo, ko rero ubwo iki kibazo gikomeje n’imbere y’uru Rukiko, gikwiye kwitabwaho. Basaba Urukiko kuzemeza ko nta butumwa Me Rudakemwa Jean Félix yahawe, bityo ibyo yakoze byose atabifitiye ububasha bikaba imfabusa.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA

[26]           Ingingo ya 2, igika cya mbere, agace ka 1, a. y’Itegeko Nº 83/2013 ryo ku wa 11/09/2013 rishyiraho Urugaga rw’Abavoka mu Rwanda rikanagena imitunganyirize n’imikorere yarwo, ivuga ko Avoka ari umunyamwuga w’amategeko ufasha ubutabera, ushinzwe guhagararira, kunganira no kuburanira abantu mu nzego z’ubutegetsi, iz’ubucamanza n’izindi zose zifata ibyemezo. Naho ingingo ya 47 y’iryo tegeko ikavuga ko Abavoka bonyine aribo bafite uburenganzira bwo kuburanira imbere y’Inkiko, kandi ko umwavoka afite ububasha bwo kuburana imbere y’Inkiko atagombye kwerekana ko hari uwamutumye, keretse iyo itegeko risaba ubutumwa bwihariye.

[27]           Umuhanaga mu mategeko D. Cholet nawe ashimangira ko Avoka adasabwa kugaragaza ko hari ubutumwa yahawe bwo guhagararira umuburanyi mu nkiko, kubera ko hari ihame ry’uko afatwa nk’ubufite iyo yaje mu Rukiko ari mu mwambaro we w’akazi. Avuga ariko ko iryo hame atari ndakuka kuko hari igihe ridakurikizwa iyo hari ibimenyetso bituma hakekwa ko Avoka nta butumwa afite (…l’avocat n’a pas à prouver qu’il a reçu mandat du plaideur pour le représenter et l’assister en justice, l’existence de ce mandat est présumée. Cette dispense est traditionnelle et provient du fait que les avocats sont crus « sur leur robe ». Il s’agit néanmoins d’une présomption simple qui peut être combattue par la preuve contraire).[2]

[28]           Ku bijyanye no guhagararira abandi, undi muhanga mu mategeko Antoine Bolzele avuga ko atari ngombwa ko Avoka agaragaza ko yahawe ubutumwa n’abo ahagarariye kuko haba hari icyizere ko abufite. Avuga ko ubusanzwe uwatanze ubutumwa ari we ubyutsa ikibazo kijyanye nabwo, ko ariko hari igihe icyizere kuri Avoka gishobora gukemangwa n’uwo baburana agendeye ku mpamvu zitandukanye zirimo ibyemezo bikomoka ku rupfu cyangwa ku mwirondoro utari uw’ababuranyi ahagarariye. (Grâce au mandat ad litem, il (l’avocat) n’aura pas à demander à toutes les personnes qu’il représente de lui remettre un mandat, il bénéficie d’une présomption simple qui peut être renversée …).[3]

[29]           Abandi bahanga mu mategeko nka H. Solus na R. Perrot nabo bavuga ko icyizere kigirirwa abavoka gituma bafatwa nk’abatica amategeko ajyanye no guhagararira ababatumye, ko ariko guhagararira abandi mu butabera, n’ubwo biteganywa n’itegeko, biba byumvikanyweho kandi buri gihe haba hari amasezerano (La présomption accordée aux auxiliaires de justice permet de réduire les hypothèses d’irrégularité de la représentation dans le cadre du mandat ad litem. En effet, dans le cadre de la représentation en justice bien que les possibles représentants soient désignés par la loi, la représentation n’est que conventionnelle, le mandat ad litem est toujours contractuel).[4]

[30]           Ibikubiye mu itegeko ryavuzwe haruguru, iyo bihujwe n’ibisobanuro bitangwa n’abahanga, byerekana ibintu by’ingenzi bikurikira:

                                                        i.            Hari ihame risanzwe (présomption simple) ry’uko mu Rukiko, Avoka afatwa nk’ufite ubutumwa bwo guhagararira umuntu atagombye kubwerekana;

                                                      ii.            Iryo hame ariko rishobora guhinduka (renversée) iyo habayeho gukemanga ubwo butumwa;

                                                    iii.            Iyo bigenze gutyo, Avoka asabwa kugaragaza ko koko afite ubutumwa bwo guhagararira umuntu mu Rukiko.

[31]           Ibyo bintu by’ingenzi ni nabyo byagarutsweho mu rubanza rwa Uwitonze Nasira n’abandi baburanaga na Rwigema Jeanne Chantal, aho Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasobanuye ko n’ubwo ubusanzwe Avoka adasabwa kwerekana ko afite ubutumwa, iyo bibaye ngombwa Urukiko rurabimusaba mu rwego rw’imiburanishirize myiza y’urubanza. Rwavuze kandi ko n’ubwo Avoka afite ububasha bwo kuburana imbere y’inkiko atagombye kwerekana ko hari uwamutumye, ibyo bitavuze ko yahagararira undi atabiherewe ubutumwa, ndetse ko no kuba yemererwa kutabugaragaza bidasobanura ko bibaye ngombwa ko abusabwa atabwerekana, akanagaragaza aho buva n'aho bugarukira, haba mu rukiko n'ahatari mu rukiko, kubera ko gukora umurimo w’ubwavoka bitanga gusa icyizere ko abufite (présomption simple).[5]

[32]           Ibimaze kuvugwa byongeye kwemezwa n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rundi rubanza rwa Nyamuhungu Natukunda Jane na Rusenyi Coffee Growers, aho rwavuze ko n’ubwo ntahateganyijwe mu mategeko ko Urukiko rutegetswe gusaba Avoka ikimenyetso cy’ubutumwa yahawe uretse kuba yambaye umwambaro wabugenewe, kuba akora umurimo w’ubwavoka bitanga gusa icyizere ko abufite, ko ariko bibaye ngombwa ashobora kubugaragaza.[6]

[33]           Nanone kandi mu rubanza rw’Ubushinjacyaha, RWIGASS CIGARETTE COMPANY SARL na Pierre Marie NOAH, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwemeje ko Avoka atemerewe guhagararira umuburanyi kuko bigaragara ko nta contact agifitanye nawe, bakaba badaherukana, ndetse badaheruka no gutumanaho, kuko muri urwo rubanza Avoka yivugiye ko nta aderesi azi y’uwo aburanira, akaba nta butumwa bwo kumuburanira mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga yabiherewe agaragaza, bisobanura ko gufata ko afite ubutumwa nk’uwunganira abandi mu manza (présomption) bitakiriho.[7]

[34]           Ibisobanuro byose byatanzwe haruguru bihura n’icyemezo cyo muri uru rubanza uru Rukiko rwafatiye mu ntebe mu gihe cy’iburanisha ryo ku wa 6/01/2021, aho rwasobanuye ko n’ubwo ubusanzwe Avoka afatwa nk’ufite ubutumwa (présumé) bwo guhagararira uwo aburanira, iyo habaye ugukemanga ku butumwa yaba yarahawe, asabwa kubugaragaza kugira ngo iburanisha ry’urubanza rigende neza. Ni muri urwo rwego Me Rudakemwa Jean Félix yasabwe kubugaragaza. Ibyo avuga ko nta kibazo afitanye n’umukiriya we kuko amuhemba neza, bikaba bidahagije ngo Urukiko rwemeze ko afite ubutumwa, kuko nk’uko byasobanuwe, iyo bibaye ngombwa Avoka asabwa kugaragaza ubutumwa bw’uwo ahagarariye.

[35]           Urukiko rusanga ku bijyanye n’uru rubanza, nk’uko byavuzwe, hari ibintu binyuranye byaruranze byatumye rukemanga ubutumwa Me Rudakemwa Jean Félix yaba yarahawe na Ndabamenye Eraste bwo kumuhagararira nk’uko bigiye gusobanurwa mu bika bikurikira.

[36]           Me Rudakemwa Jean Félix yiyemerera ko mu kwezi kwa 2/2020 yamenye amakuru ajyanye n’urupfu rwa Ndabamenye Eraste rwaba rwarabaye muri icyo gihe, ariko ntiyigeze agira icyo ahingukiriza Urukiko cyangwa ngo amenyeshe abo baburana, birakomeza kuva kuri iyo tariki kugeza ubwo hashyizweho itariki y’inama ntegurarubanza yabaye ku wa 30/07/2020, yimurirwa ku wa 08/09/2020, zirinda zirangira ayo makuru yarayagize ibanga. Nyuma imihango y’iburanisha yatangiye nanone Urukiko rudafite amakuru y’uko umwe mu baburanyi rwahamagaje yaba atakiriho. Iburanisha rya mbere ryabaye ku wa 12/10/2020, Me Rudakemwa Jean Félix aryitabira nk’uburanira Ndabamenye Eraste, ariko yirinda kumenyesha Urukiko ko uwo ahagarariye yaba yarapfuye nyamara azi neza ko bifite ingaruka zikomeye ku migendekere y’urubanza hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 121 y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi.[8]

[37]           Nk’uko byibukijwe kandi, Urukiko rwamenye ayo makuru mu buryo butunguranye igihe rwari rwagiye gukora iperereza aho umutungo uburanwa uherereye mu Karere ka Nyarugenge, ruyamenyeshwa n’umwe mu batangabuhamya watanzwe na Me Rudakemwa Jean Félix witwa Zigirababiri Protais.

[38]           Urukiko ruributsa ko rwari rwategetse Me Rudakemwa Jean Félix kuzarugaragariza ubutumwa yahawe bitarenze ku wa 20/01/2021, ariko nk’uko byamaze kuvugwa, kugeza ubu ntiyigeze atanga ikimenyetso kijyanye n’ubwo butumwa, nko kwerekana imiterere yabwo, aho buva n’aho bugarukira, cyangwa se ikindi kintu icyo ari cyo cyose cyerekana imikoranire ye na Ndabamenye Eraste.

[39]           Usibye kuba nta butumwa Me Rudakemwa Jean Félix yagaragarije Urukiko n’ubwo yari yabisabwe, kuba avuga ko aheruka kuvugana na Ndabamenye Eraste mu ntangiriro y’umwaka wa 2019, byerekana ko nta makuru yari amufiteho mu gihe kirenga umwaka ndetse kuri ibyo hiyongeraho ko yagaragaje ko atazi neza aho umukiriya we abarizwa. Nyuma y’ibimaze kuvugwa, biragoye kwemeza ko muri icyo gihe hari imikoranire yari hagati yabo. Kuba nanone nyuma y’uko Me Rudakemwa Jean Félix amenye ko Ndabamenye Eraste yapfuye mu kwezi kwa 2/2020 nyamara agakomeza kwitaba Urukiko nk’umuhagarariye, nabyo bishimangira ko ibyo yakoze muri uru Rukiko atari yabitumwe na Ndabamenye Eraste, akaba rero yarabikoze atabifitiye ububasha. Igisigaye ni ugusuzuma niba mu manza zabanjirije uru yari afite ubutumwa bw’uwo yagiye ahagararira.

[40]           Urukiko rwasuzumye inyandiko itanga ikirego ku rwego rwa mbere, rusanga nk’uko bigaragara muri IECMS kuri Orginating case, ikirego cyaratangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 05/02/2016, harega Ndabamenye Eraste mwene Ndimurwango Michel na Nyirashanuka Esther, ufite ID (irangamuntu): 119808001009806, Email: ndabamenyeraste@gmail.com, tel: +250788559057.

[41]           Numero z’irangamuntu ziboneka haruguru zigaragaza ko Ndabamenye Eraste yavutse mu mwaka wa 1980, nyamara izindi nyandiko Me Rudakemwa Jean Félix yashyize muri dosiye, zerekana ko yavutse mu mwaka wa 1937.

[42]           Mu gihe Urukiko rwahuzaga amakuru ari muri IECMS n’ari muri system ya NIDA (Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe Irangamuntu)[9], system yerekanye ko nomero y’irangamuntu bivugwa ko ari iya Ndabamenye Eraste ari invalid (itabaho). Ikigaragara rero ni uko Ndabamenye Eraste bivugwa ko ari we watanze ikirego, atandukanye n’uwo Me Rudakemwa Jean Félix avuga ko ahagarariye kuko hagati yabo bombi harimo ikinyuranyo cy’imyaka 43.

[43]           Byongeye kandi inyandiko y’ubujurire mu Rukiko Rukuru, yo yerekana ko uwabutanze ari Ndabamenye Eraste, ufite nomero y’irangamuntu: 1196780003189009, igaragaza ko yavutse mu mwaka wa 1967. Usibye kuba uyu mwaka w’amavuko utandukanye n’uwagaragajwe mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye, igenzura ryakozwe muri IECMS rigamije guhuza amakuru ari muri system n’aya NIDA, ryerekanye ko numero y’irangamuntu bivugwa ko ari iya Ndabamenye Eraste ahubwo ibaruwe kuri Me Rudakemwa Jean Félix.

[44]           Ikiboneka rero ni uko umwirondoro wa Ndabamenye Eraste watanzwe na Me Rudakemwa Jean Félix uriho amakuru atari ukuri nk’uko bimaze kugaragazwa, ndetse ayo makuru akagenda avuguruzanya.

[45]           Ibimaze gusobanurwa bituma Urukiko rwanzura ko nta kigaragaza ko ari Ndabamenye Eraste wahaye ubutumwa Me Rudakemwa Jean Félix bwo kumuburanira mu manza zabanje.

[46]           Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro byose byatanzwe haruguru, Urukiko rurasanga kuva mu ntangiriro z’uru rubanza kugeza muri uru Rukiko, Me Rudakemwa Jean Félix yaragiye ahagararira Ndabamenye Eraste nyamara atabifitiye ubutumwa, ibyo yakoze rero akaba atari abifitiye ububasha. Ikibazo gikurikiraho ni icyo kumenya ingaruka zabyo.

b.      Kumenya uko bigenda iyo bigaragaye ko Avoka yahagarariye umuntu mu nkiko atarabiherewe ubutumwa

[47]           Amategeko y’u Rwanda ntacyo asobanura ku ngaruka z’ibikorwa by’umu Avoka utarabiherewe ubutumwa, harimo n’imanza yaburanye atatumwe n’uwo yazihagarariyemo.

[48]           N’ubwo bimeze gutyo, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 9 y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi[10], mu gukemura iki kibazo, hakwiyambazwa ubundi buryo, harimo n’inyandiko z’abahanga mu mategeko. Muri urwo rwego, umuhanga Serge Guinchard avuga ko mu gihe habayeho uguhagararirwa mu rukiko bikozwe n'umuntu utabifitiye ububasha, ingaruka zabyo ari ugutesha agaciro inyandiko itanga ikirego n'ibyakozwe mu mizi y'urubanza (En cas de représentation par une personne non habilitée, la sanction est une nullité de fond qui atteint l'acte introductif d'instance et toute la procédure subséquente)[11].

[49]           Ibivugwa n’uwo muhanga binagarukwaho n’abandi nka Natalie Fricero na Pierre Julien, aho basobanura ko abahagararira abandi mu nkiko babikora mu rwego rw’ubutumwa baba barahawe, ko iyo ubwo butumwa budahari, ibyakozwe biba imfabusa. (Les auxiliaires de justice représentent et assistent les parties dans le cadre d’un mandat ad litem obligatoire ou facultatif …. Le défaut de pouvoir du représentant, est sanctionné par une nullité pour irrégularité de fond).[12]

[50]           D. Cholet nawe ashimangira ko iyo avoka yaburanye urubanza nta butumwa yahawe, ibyo yakoze byose biteshwa agaciro (La conséquence sera alors la nullité de tous les actes de la procédure effectués par un mandataire qui n’était pas habilité…).[13]

[51]           Ku bijyanye n’uru rubanza, Urukiko rushingiye ku byasobanuwe haruguru, rusanga mu gihe byagaragajwe ko Me Rudakemwa Jean Félix yaburaniye Ndabamenye Eraste guhera mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge kugeza kuri uru rwego atabifitye ubutumwa, nta butumwa Me Rudakemwa Jean Félix yahawe na Ndabamenye Eraste bwo kumuhagararira mu manza, ibyo yakoze akaba atari abifitiye ububasha.

III.         ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO

[52]           Rwemeje ko nta butumwa Me Rudakemwa Jean Félix yahawe na Ndabamenye Eraste bwo kumuhagararira mu manza, ibyo yakoze akaba atari abifitiye ububasha;

[53]           Rutegetse ko urubanza N° RC 00276/2016/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 27/07/2016 n’urubanza N° RCA 00367/2016/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 12/01/2018 Me Rudakemwa Jean Félix yaburaniye Ndabamenye Eraste ziteshejwe agaciro, ibintu bigasubira uko byari bimeze mbere y’uko izo manza zibaho.