Urukiko rw'Ikirenga

RE SOCOBICO INDUSTRIES S.A

[Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA – RS/INTER/CIV0001/14/CS (Mukanyundo, P.J., Hatangimbabazi na Gakwaya, J.) 20 Kamena 2014]

Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza mbonezamubano – Ikirego gisaba gusobanura urubanza – Ikirego gisaba gusobanura urubanza kigomba kugaragaza icyibeshyweho; icyemejwe mu buryo butumvikana cyangwa mu buryo bushobora kumvikana mu buryo bunyuranye – Bene iki ikirego ntigihabwa ishingiro igihe igisabwa gusobanurwa kitigeze kiburanwaho mu rubanza rusabirwa gusobanurwa – Itegeko N°21/2012 ryo kuwa 14/6/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 154.

Incamake y’ikibazo: ECOBANK Ltd yahaye inguzanyo SOCOBICO Industries S.A maze itanga ingwate y’inzu ikorerwamo imirimo ijyanye n’inganda iri mu kibanza Nº 1109 n’izindi zicyubatseho n’izizacyubakwaho. Mu masezerano y’uwo mwenda, bumvikanye ko mu gihe SOCOBICO Industries S.A izaba itishyuye, ingwate itanze izatezwa cyamunara bitanyuze mu rubanza.

ECOBANK Ltd yasabye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge kuyiha icyemezo cyo guteza cyamunara iyo ngwate yahawe kuko SOCOBICO Industries S.A itishyuye umwenda wayo maze Perezida w’urwo Rukiko ategeka ko iyo ngwate itezwa cyamunara. Umuhesha w’Inkiko ashingiye kuri icyo cyemezo yateje cyamunara iyo ngwate yegukanwa na TRUST Industries Ltd.

SOCOBICO Industries S.A yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ivuga ko iyo cyamunara yakozwe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko; urwo Rukiko rwemeza ko cyamunara yakozwe ivuyeho kuko itakurikije amategeko, rutegeka TRUST Industries Ltd gusubiza SOCOBICO Industries S.A amafaranga yishyuwe nyuma y’uko cyamunara iba, rutegeka ECOBANK Ltd, Notaire na TRUST Industries Ltd gufatanya guha, SOCOBICO Industries indishyi mbonezamusaruro, iz’akababaro hamwe n’amafaranga y’ ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’Avoka.

ECOBANK Ltd, TRUST Industries Ltd na Notaire ntibishimiye imikirize y’urubanza, bajurira mu Rukiko Rukuru, bavuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwirengagije ko cyamunara yakozwe ku ngwate yatanzwe, rukanirengagiza amategeko ndetse n’imvugo z’ababuranyi. Urwo Rukiko rwemeje ko cyamunara igumanye agaciro kayo, ariko ko indishyi zagenwe mu rubanza rwajuririwe zikuweho.

SOCOBICO Industries S.A yajuriye mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga ivuga ko ikiguzi cy’inzu ubwacyo cyari gihagije ngo hishyurwe umwenda wa ECOBANK Ltd, bikaba bitumvikana ukuntu hagurishijwe inzu n’ibigize umutungo w’ubucuruzi wayo. Urwo rukiko rutegetse TRUST Industries Ltd gusubiza SOCOBICO Industries SA ibigize umutungo w’ubucuruzi yafatiriye muri cyamunara, kandi rwemeza ko ibirego biregera kwiregura bya ECOBANK Ltd na TRUST Industries Ltd nta shingiro bifite.

SOCOBICO Industries S.A yatanze ikirego gisaba gusobanura igika cya 121 cy’urubanza RCAA0011/13/CS rwaciwe n`uru Rukiko kuko isanga kiriya cyemezo cy’Urukiko kidashobora gushyirwa mu bikorwa mu gihe urukiko rutagennye agaciro kibigize umutungo w’ubucuruzi, bityo igasaba Rukiko kugena agaciro kibigize umutungo w’ubucuruzi rwategetse ko isubizwa.

Incamake y’icyemezo: Ikirego gisaba gusobanura urubanza kigomba kugaragaza icyibeshyweho; icyemejwe mu buryo butumvikana cyangwa mu buryo bushobora kumvikana mu buryo bunyuranye kandi bene iki ikirego ntigihabwa ishingiro igihe igisabwa gusobanurwa kitigeze kiburanwaho mu rubanza rusabirwa gusobanurwa .

Ikirego nta shingiro gifite;

Amategeko yashingiweho:

Itegeko N°21/2012 ryo kuwa 14/6/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingoya 154.

Nta manza zifashishijwe.

Ibitekerezo by’abahanga:

Albert FETTWEIS, Manuel de procédure civile, 2e édition, Liège, 1987, p. 259.

Urubanza

I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA

[1]               Kuwa 09/09/2008, SOCOBICO Industries S.A. ku nguzanyo ingana na 379.000.000Frw yahawe na ECOBANK Ltd, yatanze ingwate y’inzu ikorerwamo imirimo ijyanye n’inganda iri mu kibanza Nº1109 n’izindi zicyubatseho n’izizacyubakwaho, biherereye mu Karere ka  Nyarugenge mu Mujyi wa Kigali (En sureté et garantie  de remboursement de toutes sommes dues en principal, intérêts, commissions et frais dont il est  ou se trouverait débiteur, le crédité déclare affecté au profit de la Banque l’immeuble énuméréci-après et les constructions y érigées ou à y ériger, il s’agit de l’immeuble à usage exclusivement industriel sis dans la parcelle N⁰ 1109 à Nyarugenge/Kigali). Mu masezerano y’uwo mwenda, bumvikanye ko mu gihe SOCOBICO Industries S.A izaba itishyuye, ingwate itanze zizatezwa cyamunara  bitanyuze mu rubanza (vente par voie parée).

[2]               SOCOBICO Industries S.A ntiyishyuye uwo mwenda, ECOBANK Ltd isaba Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge kuyiha icyemezo cyo guteza cyamunara iyo ngwate yahawe, Perezida w’urwo Rukiko yategetse ko ingwate yatanzwe na SOCOBICO Industries S.A izagurishwa kuwa 16/08/2010. Umuhesha w’Inkiko mu Karere ka Nyarugenge ashingiye kuri icyo cyemezo yagurishije ingwate kuwa 17/09/2010 maze yegukanwa na TRUST Industries Ltd, ihagarariwe na Mugabo Claver, ku mafaranga 320.150.000.

[3]               SOCOBICO Industries S.A ntiyishimiye iyo cyamunara, itanga ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ivuga ko yakozwe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza kuwa 25/11/2011, rwemeza ko ikirego cya SOCOBICO Industries S.A gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe, rwemeza ko cyamunara yakozwe kuwa 17/09/2010 ivuyeho kuko itakurikijeamategeko, rutegeka TRUST Industries Ltd gusubiza SOCOBICO Industries SA 11.498.750Frw kubera ko bigaragara ko yayishyuwe nyuma y’uko cyamunara iba, rutegeka ECOBANK Ltd, Notaire Uwitonze Nasira na TRUST Industries Ltd guha, bafatanyije, SOCOBICO Industries S.A 60.000.000Frw y’indishyi mbonezamusaruro, 7.500.000Frw y’indishyi z’akababaro na 1.500.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya avoka.

[4]               ECOBANK Ltd, TRUST Industries Ltd na Notaire Uwitonze Nasira ntibishimiye imikirize y’urubanza, bajurira mu Rukiko Rukuru, bavuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwirengagije  ko cyamunara yakozwe ku ngwate yatanzwe, rwirengagije amategeko ndetse n’imvugo z’ababuranyi. Urwo Rukiko rwemeje ko ubwo bujurire bufite ishingiro, rwemeza ko cyamunara yakozwe kuwa 17/09/2010 igumanye agaciro kayo, rwemeza kandi ko indishyi zagenwe mu rubanza rwajuririwe zikuweho.

[5]               SOCOBICO Industries SA ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza, irujuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga, itanga impamvu zikurikira:

Kuba umucamanza wo mu Rukiko Rukuru yaraburanishije urubanza atagombaga kwakira kubera ko icyari cyaraburanishijwe ari impaka zavutse mu kurangiza icyemezo cy’urukiko bivuze ko urubanza rwaciwe rutagombaga kujuririrwa, hakurikijwe ingingo ya 219 y’Itegeko N°21/2012 ryo kuwa 14/6/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi.

Kuba Urukiko Rukuru rwarirengagije ko ikiguzi cy’inzu ubwacyo cyari gihagije ngo hishyurwe umwenda wa ECOBANK Ltd, bikaba bitumvikana ukuntu hagurishijwe  inzu na “Fonds de commerce” yayo;

Kuba Urukiko rutaritaye ku mihango itarubahirijwe nko kuba cyamunara itarigeze itanganzwa;

Kuba cyamunara yarajemo abantu babiri gusa, ingwate zikagurishwa ku giciro gito cyane ugereranyije n’agaciro nyako kandi Notaire akaba yari afite inyandiko y’umuhanga igaragaza agaciro k’ingwate akemera akayigurisha kuri kiriya giciro, n’igiciro gitanzwe ntigihite cyishyurwa kuko hatanzwe sheki itazigamiwe, amafaranga akaba yarishyuwe nyuma y’amezi abiri;

Kuba umucamanza yarahinduye ikiburanwa kuko icyaburanwaga cyari impaka zavutse mu gushyira mu bikorwa icyemezo cy’Urukiko;

Kuba Umucamanza yarakoresheje nabi inyandiko z’abahanga zijyanye no gutandukanya “Fonds de Commerce” n’ikitimukanwa, akaba kandi yarishe imihango ijyanye no kugurisha ingwate nta rubanza, anirengagiza imvugo za Notaire Uwitonze Nasira wiyemereye ko atigeze agurisha “Fonds de commerce”, no kuba atarategetse ko SOCOBICO Industries SA isubizwa amafaranga yasigaye ku cyamunara. 

[6]               Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwaciye urubanza RCAA0011/13/CS kuwa 15/11/2013, rwemeza ko ubujurire bwa SOCOBICO Industries SA bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe, rutegeka TRUST Industries Ltd gusubiza SOCOBICO Industries SA ibigize umutungo w’ubucuruzi “fonds de commerce” yafatiriye muri cyamunara yo kuwa 17/09/2010, rutegeka kandi ko ibirego biregera kwiregura bya ECOBANK Ltd na TRUST Industries Ltd nta shingiro bifite.

[7]               Kuwa 17/01/2014, SOCOBICO Industries SA yatanze ikirego gisaba gusobanura igika cya 121 cy’urubanza RCAA0011/13/CS rwaciwe n`uru Rukiko kuwa 15/11/2011.

II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO

Kumenya niba impamvu y’ikirego cyatanzwe na SOCOBICO Industries S.A mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga iri mu rwego rw’isobanura rubanza.

[8]               SOCOBICO Industries SA ivuga, mu kirego cyayo cyo gusobanuza urubanza RCAA0011/13/CS, ko ihereye kuri “nature même” y’icyo bita “fonds de commerce”, isanga kiriya cyemezo cy’Urukiko kidashobora gushyirwa mu bikorwa, uretse mu gihe Urukiko rwagena agaciro k’ibigomba gusubizwa SOCOBICO Industries Ltd, bityo muri urwo rubanza hakaba harimo “imprécision” yo kuba batamenya ikigomba gusubizwa uwatsinze, ikaba isaba Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ko rwagena agaciro k’ibigize “fonds de commerce”, rwategetse ko isubizwa.

[9]               SOCOBICO Industries SA ivuga kandi ko iyo urebye imiterere cyangwa se “définition du fonds de commerce”, usanga ari ikintu kigenda gihinduka mu gaciro (valeur), bityo kikaba kitasubizwa kitagenewe agaciro mu mafaranga. Ibyo kandi bikaba byari byanasabwe ku buryo bwumvikana mu iburanisha, aho abahagarariye SOCOBICO Industries SA bashyikirije inteko iburanisha inyigo (expertise) igaragaza neza agaciro k’iyo “fonds de commerce”, kandi kakaba kiyongera kuva yigabizwa, ni ukuvuga kuva cyamunara yaba kuwa 17/09/2010, kandi ako gaciro kakaba katasubizwa “en nature”.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA

[10]           Ingingo ya 154, agace ka mbere y’Itegeko N°21/2012 ryo kuwa 14/6/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko “ibirego bisaba gukosora imyandikire y’icyo bibeshyeho cyangwa gusobanura urubanza rwaciwe mu buryo butumvikana cyangwa mu buryo bushobora kumvikana mu buryo bunyuranye biburanishwa mu muhezo ababuranyi batongeye kuvuguruzanya kandi nta gihinduwe ku byerekeranye n’uwatsinze urubanza, isobanura mpamvu y’uko ibintu byagenze n’uko amategeko abiteganya byemejwe n’urukiko”.

[11]           Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rurasanga mu rubanza RCAA0011/13/CS, mu gika cya (121), Urukiko rwategetse TRUST Industries Ltd gusubiza ibigize umutungo w’ubucuruzi “fonds de commerce” wa SOCOBICO Industries SA yafatiriye muri cyamunara yo kuwa 17/09/2010.

[12]           Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rusanga imbere y’Urukiko Rwisumbuye, SOCOBICO Industries SA itanga ikirego, yarasabaga ibi bikurikira:

Gukemura impaka zavutse mu irangiza ry’urubanza;

Restituer à la demanderesse les biens constituant son fonds de commerce attribués frauduleusement à TRUST Industries Ltd par ECOBANK Ltd et le Notaire;

Manque à gagner depuis le 17/09/2010 jusqu’à la restitution;

Dommages et intérêts moraux et frais de procédure;

A titre provisoire, nommer un tiers indépendant comme gestionnaire de l’entreprise en litige.

[13]           Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rurasanga kandi mu cyemezo y’imyanzuro yayo (dispositif des conclusions) mbere y’Urukiko Rwisumbuye, SOCOBICO Industries SA yarasabaga ibi bikurikira:

De recevoir la présente action et la dire fondée;

D’ordonner la restitution des biens composant le fonds de commerce de la SOCOBICO S.A. en leur valeur;

Condamner solidairement les défenderesses aux Dommages et intérêts et frais tel que justifié et arrêté ci-avant;

Ordonner l’annulation de la vente effectuée le 17/09/2010;

Statuer pour le reste comme de droit.

[14]           Ku byerekeye ibisabwa na SOCOBICO Industries SA, uretse ko mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, yasabaga ko ababuranyi bayo bategekwa kuyisubiza agaciro ka “fonds de commerce” no mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga yatanze ibyo yita inyigo (expertise; Estimation de la perte totale de la SOCOBICO Industries SA suite à l’occupation de son fonds de commerce par TRUST Industries Ltd) yikoreye, igaragaza agaciro kayo, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rurasanga, haba mu myanzuro yayo y’ubujurire, haba no mu miburanire yayo igihe cy’iburanisha, SOCOBICO Industries SA itarongeye gusaba ko yagenerwa agaciro k’amafaranga ya “fonds de commerce” mu mwanya w’ibiyigize, bityo mu gihe Urukiko rutaburanishije ibirebana n’agaciro ka “fonds de commerce” kandi bitanavugwa mu bisobanuro byarwo (motivations) mu rubanza rusabirwa[1] gusobanurwa, byumvikana ko kugena ubu agaciro ka “fonds de commerce” mu mafaranga mu rubanza rusobanura urundi byaba birenze gusobanura urubanza uko rwaciwe, ahubwo byaba ari ugufata ikindi cyemezo ku kintu kitaburanishijwe[2].

[15]           Hakurikijwe ibisobanuro bigaragara mu gika kibanziriza iki, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rurasanga, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 154, agace ka mbere k’Itegeko N° 21/2012 ryo kuwa 14/6/2012 ryavuzwe haruguru, urubanza RCAA0011/13/CS rutaraciwe mu buryo butumvikana cyangwa mu buryo bushobora kumvikana mu buryo bunyuranye kuko igika cyarwo cya 121 gisobanutse neza, aho Urukiko rwategetse Trust Industries Ltd gusubiza SOCOBICO Industries S.A ibigize “fonds de commerce” yayo, yatwaye mu gihe cy’icyamunara[3], bityo rukaba rusanga, mu by’ukuri, SOCOBICO Industries S.A isaba ko hafatwa icyemezo ku kibazo kitigeze kigibwaho impaka mu iburanisha.

[16]           Kubera izo mpamvu zose, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rurasanga ikirego cya SOCOBICO Industries SA gisaba isobanurarubanza kidakurikije ibiteganywa n’amategeko kuko kitagaragaza icyibeshyweho cyangwa icyemejwe mu buryo butumvikana cyangwa mu buryo bushobora kumvikana mu buryo bunyuranye, bityo kikaba nta shingiro gifite.

III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO

[17]           Rwemeje ko ikirego cya SOCOBICO Industries S.A gisaba gusobanura urubanza RCAA0011/13/CS rwaciwe kuwa 15/11/2013 nta shingiro gifite.

[18]           Rwemeje ko nta mpamvu yo gusobanura igika cya 121 cy’urubanza RCAA0011/13/CS.