RUTAZIBWA N’UNDI v. MUKANDUTIYE N’UNDI
[Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA – RADA 0030/13/CS (Kanyange, P.J., Mukandamage na Rugabirwa, J.) 21 Gashyantare 2014]
Amategeko agenga ubutaka –Amasezerano y’ubukode burambye ku butaka butarazungurwa – Umutungo utarazungurwa ntugira uwo wandikwaho ku giti cye mu rwego rw’amasezerano y’ubukode burambye ku butaka – Amasezerano akozwe abyirengagije araseswa – Itegeko nº 43/2013 ryo kuwa 16/06/2013 rigena imikoreshereze n’imicungire y’ubutaka mu Rwanda, ingingo ya 5, 17.
Incamake y’ikibazo: Abajurira mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga bajuririye Urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku kirego batanze basaba ko amasezerano y’ubukode burambye ku butaka hagati y’abaregwa aseswa maze uwo mutungo ugasubira mu mutungo uzungurwa ariko uru Rukiko rwo rukemeza ko aguma uko ari ko ariko bitewe n’uko umutungo uri mu bizungurwa bya nyakwigendera, Mukandutiye abujijwe kuwugurisha, kuwutangira ubuntu, kuwutangaho ubukode bw’igihe kirekire cyangwa kuwutangaho ingwate atabyumvikanyeho n’abazungura ba nyakwigendera bose ari bo bana be.
Mu bujurire bwabo, bagaragaza ko Urukiko Rukuru rwaciye urubanza ku kirego rutaregewe, rwerekana uburyo umutungo wa nyakwigendera uzazungurwa, abazungura abo ari bo n’igice kizazungurwa kandi icyasabwe gusa ari uko igice cy’umutungo wanditswe kuri Mukandutiye gisubizwa by’agateganyo mu mutungo rusange uzungurwa. Mu gihe cy’iburanisha, Uburanira Leta y’u Rwanda yazamuye inzitizi agaragaza ko atari yo yagombaga kuregwa ahubwo hari kuregwa Ikigo cy’ubutaka kuko gifite ubuzimagatozi.
Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Mu gihe hataragenwa uzegukana umutungo wa nyakwigendera ugomba kuzungurwa, ntawe ugomba kwandikwaho mu rwego rw’amasezerano y’ubukode burambye kuko ayo masezerano ahabwa umuntu utunze ubutaka kubw’umuco, cyangwa yarabuhawe n’urwego rubifitiye ububasha cyangwa yarabuguze nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 5 y’Itegeko nº 43/2013 ryo kuwa 16/06/2013, bityo ayo masezerano agomba guseswa ubwo butaka bugasubira mu mutungo wasizwe na nyakwigendera.
2. Kuba abajuriye barareze Leta y’u Rwanda ihagarariwe n’Umubitsi w’inyandikompamo, byumvikanisha ko uwo mubitsi ari we uba warezwe, akaba aburana mu izina rya Leta y’u Rwanda ahagarariye hashingiwe ku buzima gatozi ikigo ayobora cyahawe.
Ubujurire bufite ishingiro.
Amasezerano y’ubukode burambye ku butaka arasheshwe.
Uwo mutungo usubijwe mu mutungo wasizwe na nyakwigendera.
Amagarama aherereye ku baregwa.
Amategeko yashingiweho:
Itegeko nº 43/2013 ryo kuwa 16/06/2013 rigena imikoreshereze n’imicungire y’ubutaka mu Rwanda, ingingo ya 5, 17.
Itegeko nº 53/2010 ryo kuwa 25/01/2011 rishyiraho Ikigo gishinzwe umutungo kamere mu Rwanda, ingingo ya 3.
Nta manza zifashishijwe.
Urubanza
I. IMITERERE Y'URUBANZA
[1] Rutazibwa Alexandre yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi arega abavandimwe be, ikiregerwa kikaba ari ukumurika umutungo umubyeyi wabo Fundi yasize, yataruye akanegeranya, guhabwa umugabane we maze akava mu bufatanyamutungo no gusubizwa amafaranga yatanze mu gushakisha no kwegeranya uwo mutungo.
[2] Mu gihe urwo rubanza rutaracibwa, Rutazibwa n’umuvandimwe we Katabarwa batanze ikirego cyasobanuwe haruguru mu Rukiko Rukuru, basaba ko amasezerano y’ubukode burambye ku butaka buzungurwa yasinywe hagati ya Leta y’u Rwanda na Mukandutiye Bellancilla aseswa ibintu bigasubira uko byari mbere, ngo kuko uwo mutungo utaba uw’umuntu umwe kandi umugabane we mu izungura utarerekanwa n’urukiko rwabisabwe.
[3] Muri urwo rubanza kandi, Mukandutiye yasabye ko ruhuzwa n’urubanza rwavuzwe haruguru Rutazibwa yaregeye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi ngo kuko zifitanye isano.
[4] Ku kibazo cyo guhuza imanza, Urukiko rwemeje ko imanza zombi zitagomba guhuzwa, naho ku byerekeye iseswa ry’amasezerano y’ubukode burambye, rwemeza ko aguma uko ari, ko ariko bitewe n’uko umutungo uri mu bizungurwa bya nyakwigendera Fundi, Mukandutiye abujijwe kuwugurisha, kuwutangira ubuntu, kuwutangaho ubukode bw’igihe kirekire cyangwa kuwutangaho ingwate atabyumvikanyeho n’abazungura ba Fundi bose aribo bana be.
[5] Rutazibwa na Katabarwa bajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga bavuga ko ku birebana n’ihuzwa ry’imanza, habayeho gusobanura impamvu ku buryo butari bwo (motivation erronée). Bavuga kandi ko urukiko rwibeshye ku magambo umuburanyi yavugiye mu rukiko, ko rwanaciye urubanza ku kirego rutaregewe, rwerekana uburyo umutungo wa Fundi uzazungurwa abazungura abo ari bo n’igice kizazungurwa kandi icyasabwe gusa ari uko igice cy’umutungo wanditswe kuri Mukandutiye gisubizwa by’agateganyo mu mutungo rusange uzungurwa mu gihe hagitegerejwe icyo urukiko rwaregewe ruzemeza.
[6] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame kuwa 10/09/2013 no kuwa 14/01/2014 Me Mutembe Protais yunganira Rutazibwa anahagarariye Katabarwa, Mukandutiye ahagarariwe na Me Uwimana Juvénal wasimbuwe mu iburanisha rya kabiri na Me Buzayire Angèle, Leta y’u Rwanda ihagarariwe na Me Malala Aimable nawe wasimbuwe mu iburanisha rya nyuma na Me Sebazungu Alphonse, wanatanze inzitizi irebana n’uko Leta y’u Rwanda atari yo yagombaga kuregwa, ko hagombaga kuregwa Ikigo cy’ubutaka kuko gifite ubuzimagatozi.
II. IKIBAZO KIRI MU RUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA RYACYO
[7] Ikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza, ni ukumenya niba amasezerano y’ubukode burambye Mukandutiye yakoranye na Leta y’u Rwanda agomba guseswa no kumenya niba Leya y’u Rwanda ari yo yagombaga kuregwa, akaba rero atari ngombwa gusuzuma impamvu z’ubujurire zigaragara mu mwanzuro utanga ubujurire zitarebana n’icyo kibazo kuko bigaragara ko hari izirebana n’ikibazo cy’ihuza ry’imanza kitajuririwe muri uru rukiko kuko n’abajuriye babonye ibyo bifuzaga, kugisuzuma rero bikaba ntacyo byamara ku birebana n’icyaregewe, izindi zikaba zirebana n’ikibazo cy’izungura cyasuzumwe bitari ngombwa kuko kiburanwa mu rubanza rusuzuma iby’igabana ry’umutungo wasizwe na Fundi.
Kumenya niba amasezerano y’ubukode burambye ku butaka nº 5638/KAR/GI agomba guseswa, no kumenya niba Leta y’u Rwanda itaragombaga kuregwa.
[8] Me Mutembe avuga ko abo aburanira basabye ko amasezerano y’ubukode burambye Leta yakoranye na Mukandutiye aseswa kuko yanditsweho umutungo uzungurwa, ariko urukiko ruvuga ko uwo mutungo atari uwe bwite kandi nyamara barawushyize mu maboko ye hashingiwe kuri ayo masezerano, ko ibyo urukiko rwemeje binyuranije n’ingingo ya 5 y’Itegeko Ngenga nº 08/2005 ryo kuwa 14/07/2005 rigena imikoreshereze n’imitungire y’ubutaka mu Rwanda ivuga ko ufite ubukode burambye ku butaka aba ari nyirabwo.
[9] Na none kandi ngo aho gusuzuma icyaregewe aricyo gusaba ko igice cy’umutungo uzungurwa cyanditswe kuri Mukandutiye gisubizwa by’agateganyo mu mutungo rusange uzungurwa mu gihe urukiko rwaregewe iby’igabana ryawo rutarafata icyemezo, Urukiko rwasuzumye ibyo rutaregewe rwemeza ko 50% by’umutugo wasizwe na Fundi ari umutungo bwite wa Mukandutiye, ko ibindi 50% ari umutungo uzungurwa n’abana ba Fundi kandi ibyo biburanwa mu rundi rubanza, ko rero umucamanza yanyuranije n’ingingo ya 7 CPCCSA iteganya ko umucamanza aca urubanza ku cyaregewe cyonyine.
[10] Ku birebana n’uko Leta y’u Rwanda atariyo yagombaga kuregwa, Me Mutembe avuga ko ariyo igomba kuregwa kuko amasezerano asabirwa guseswa yakozwe hagati ya Leta ihagarariwe n’Umubitsi w’inyandikompamo na Mukandutiye.
[11] Uburanira Mukandutiye avuga ko amasezerano y’ubukode asabirwa guseswa yahawe Mukandutiye nk’umugore w’isezerano wa Fundi, ko kandi haba mu itegeko ry’izungura cyangwa irigenga ubutaka, nta na hamwe bambura umupfakazi uburenganzira bwe yari asangiye na nyakwigendera, ko umutungo wamwanditsweho uri mu mutungo uzungurwa kugeza izungura rirangiye hakagenwa umugabane we.
[12] Avuga kandi ko umucamanza ataciriye urubanza ku kitararegewe ahubwo ari inzira yifashishije agaragariza abareze ko atasesa amasezerano atabanje kwerekana uruhare rwa Mukandutiye mu mutungo uzungurwa, ko kandi urukiko rwubahirije icyifuzo cyabo kuko rwabujije Mukandutiye uburenganzira bwo kugurisha umutungo, kuwutanga…., akaba rero nta yindi mpamvu yari gutuma asesa amasezerano. Asanga rero kuyasesa byaba binyuranije n’amategeko kuko byasa no kwambura Mukandutiye uburenganzirwa bwe kandi abajuriye ntibagaragaza uko uwo mutungo wacungwa n’icyatunga Mukandutiye mu gihe izungura ritaraba.
[13] Yongeraho ko amasezerano aramutse asheshwe, habaho kunyuranya n’ibyemejwe mu rubanza ruburanwamo igabana ry’umutungo kuko muri urwo rubanza umutungo uburanwa wahawe Mukandutiye kandi ukaba ukiri mu mutungo uzungurwa.
[14] Uburanira Leta y’u Rwanda avuga ko atumva impamvu ari yo yarezwe, ko hagombye kuregwa Ikigo gishinzwe umutungo kamere mu Rwanda kuko gifite ubuzimagatozi, ko ibikorwa n’icyo kigo bigomba kuryozwa umuyobozi wacyo.
[15] Ku birebana n’amasezerano asabirwa guseswa, avuga ko kugeza ubu Mukandutiye ari we ufite uburenganzira bwo gucunga umutungo mu gihe izungura ritarabaho, ko kandi kuba abarega batavuka ku mugore w’isezerano wa Fundi batabyemererwa kuko hari n’abandi bana.
UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA
[16] Ingingo ya 17 y’Itegeko nº 43/2013 ryo kuwa 16/06/2013 rigena imikoreshereze n’imicungire y’ubutaka mu Rwanda, iteganya ko “Haseguriwe ibivugwa mu ngingo ya 6 n’iya 7 z’iri tegeko, uburenganzira ku butaka butangwa na Leta biciye mu bukode burambye”, naho ingingo ya 18, igika cya mbere igateganya ko “kwemeza ko ubutaka bwatanzwe cyangwa bukodeshejwe bigaragazwa n’icyemezo cy’iyandikisha ry’ubutaka gitangwa n’Umubitsi w’iimpapurompamo z’ubutaka”.
[17] Mu nshingano zahawe Ikigo gishinzwe umutungo kamere mu Rwanda, ingingo ya 3 y’Itegeko nº 53/2010 ryo kuwa 25/01/2011 rishyiraho icyo kigo, igaragaza ko harimo iyo kwandika ubutaka, gutanga no kubika impapurompamo zabwo n’andi makuru ku butaka mu Rwanda.
[18] Kuba Rutazibwa na Katabarwa barareze Leta y’u Rwanda ihagarariwe n’Umubitsi w’inyandikompamo, byumvikanisha ko uwo mubitsi ari we uba warezwe, akaba aburana mu izina rya Leta y’u Rwanda ahagarariye hashingiwe ku buzima gatozi ikigo ayobora cyahawe.
[19] Ku birebana n’amasezerano asabirwa guseswa, Urukiko rurasanga mu kwemeza ko Mukandutiye yandikwaho umutungo uyavugwamo, harashingiwe ko ari we mugore wa Fundi nk’uko bigaragara mu ibaruwa Perezida wa Komisiyo y’ubutaka mu Karere ka Karongi yanditse kuwa 24/07/2012. Na none kandi mu kwemeza ko ari we ukomeza kwandikwaho uwo mutungo, Urukiko Rukuru rwabishingiye ku kuba ari umupfakazi wa Fundi ufite 50% mu mutungo wose uzungurwa, indi 50% ikaba iy’abazungura be, ibi ariko akaba atari byo yari yaregewe kuko ibyo kugena uburyo umutungo wasizwe na Fundi uzagabanwa byaregewe mu rundi rubanza.
[20] Ku birebana kandi n’uwo mutungo wanditswe kuri Mukandutiye, nawe ntahakana ko uri mu mutungo uzungurwa nk’uko umuburanira yabisobanuye, binemezwa n’Urukiko Rukuru mu rubanza rwajuririwe, uru Rukiko rukaba rusanga rero mu gihe hataragenwa uzegukana uwo mutungo, ntawe wagombaga kwandikwaho mu rwego rw’amasezerano y’ubukode burambye kuko ayo masezerano ahabwa umuntu utunze ubutaka kubw’umuco, cyangwa yarabuhawe n’urwego rubifitiye ububasha cyangwa yarabuguze nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 5 y’Itegeko Ngenga nº 03/2013/OL ryo kuwa 16/06/2013 ryavuzwe haruguru.
[21] Kuba rero Komisiyo y’ubutaka mu Karere ka Karongi yarirengagije ibiteganywa n’iyo ngingo ikemerera Mukandutiye kwandikwaho igice cy’umutungo ugizwe n’ubutaka ugisangiwe n’abazungura bose ba Fundi nk’uko nawe yemera ko uri mu mutungo uzungurwa, agahabwa amasezerano y’ubukode burambye kuri ubwo butaka, Urukiko rurasanga ayo masezerano agomba guseswa ubwo butaka bugasubira mu mutungo rusange wasizwe na Fundi.
III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO
[22] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Rutazibwa Alexandre na Katabarwa J. Baptiste bufite ishingiro;
[23] Rwemeje ko amasezerano y’ubukode burambye ku butaka nº 5638/KAR/GIS asheshwe bugasubira mu mutungo wasizwe na Fundi;
[24] Rutegetse Mukandutiye gutanga ½ cy’amagarama y’urubanza angana na 35.900Frw, ni ukuvuga 17.950Frw, ikindi ½ kigaherera ku isanduka ya Leta.