Urukiko rw'Ikirenga

UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MUKANTAGARA NA MUGENZI WE

[Rwanda- URUKIKO RW’ IKIRENGA – RPA 0196/11/CS (Kayitesi R., P.J., Mukandamage na Rugabirwa, J.) 15 Ugushyingo 2013]

Amategeko mpanabyaha – Kurema umutwe w’abagizi ba nabi – Kurema umutwe w’abagizi ba nabi ni icyaha cyigenga gitandukanye n’ibyaha bikorwa muri urwo rwego cyangwa n’uwo mutwe – Ntibifatwa nk’icyaha cyo kurema umutwe w’abagizi ba nabi iyo hagambiriwe kugirira nabi umuntu umwe – Itegeko Ngenga nº 01/2012 ryo kuwa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho Igitabo cy’amategeko ahana, ingingo ya 681.

Amategeko mpanabyaha – Ubwinjiracyaha bw’ubuhotozi – Bifatwa nk’ubwinjiracyaha iyo hari ibikorwa biboneka, bidashidikanywaho by’intangiriro yo gukora icyaha. Itegeko-Teka nº 21/77 ryo kuwa 18/8/1977 rishyiraho Igitabo cy’amategeko ahana, ingingo ya 21.

Amategeko mpanabyaha – Igabanyagihano – Ibihano bishobora kugabanywa mu gihe nta ngaruka zikomeye icyaha cyateye – Itegeko Ngenga n^o 01/2012/OL ryo kuwa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana, ingingo ya 77 4⁰.

Incamake y’ikibazo: Mukantagara na Nsanzimana bakurikiranyweho icyaha cy’ubwinjiracyaha mu buhotozi. Ubushinjacyaha mu kubashinja bwifashisha abatangabuhamya bavuye mu mugambi wabo bakabimenyesha inzego z’umutekano, ndetse n’amafaranga Mukantagara yafatanywe yagombaga gutanga nka avansi ku bagombaga gukora icyo gikorwa. Urukiko Rukuru rwabahamije icyaha bashinjwa, rubahanisha igifungo cya burundu buri wese. Bombi bajuririye Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, Nsanzimana avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha cy’ubwinjiracyaha mu buhotozi aho kuba kurema umutwe w’abagizi ba nabi, naho Mukantagara akavuga ko yahamijwe icyaha cy’ubuhotozi, nyamara we yaragambiriye gufungisha sebukwe, basaba ko byakosorwa.

Umushinjacyaha avuga ko icyaha cyakozwe atari ukurema umutwe w’abagizi ba nabi, ahubwo ari ubwinjiracyaha bw’ ubuhotozi kuko abaregwa bacyiyemereye mu bugenzacyaha no mu bushinjacyaha, bakanasobanura uko cyateguwe. Ku bijyanye no kuba Mukantagara avuga ko icyo yari agambiriye ari ugufungisha Ndwaniye, atari ukumwicisha, Umushinjacyaha avuga ko ibyo nta shingiro bifite kuko aterekana icyaha yari kuba afungishirije sebukwe.

Incamake y’ icyemezo: 1. Kurema umutwe w’abagizi ba nabi ni icyaha cyigenga gitandukanye n’ibyaha bikorwa muri urwo rwego cyangwa n’uwo mutwe. Byumvikana kandi ko kugira ngo bene icyo cyaha kibeho, ari ngombwa ko abantu baba barishyize hamwe hagamijwe kugirira nabi abantu cyangwa ibyabo, bivuze ko igihe abantu bifatanyije ngo bagire umuntu bahitana ku giti cye, icyo gikorwa cyabo bagambiriye kitafatwa mu rwego rwo guhungabanya umudendezo w’igihugu. Bityo rero, ntibyafatwa nk’ icyaha cyo kurema umutwe w’abagizi ba nabi, mu gihe nta mutwe w’abagizi ba nabi uzwi ko abaregwa bashinze, kandi n’ibikorwa bashinjwa ko bakoze bitari bigamije guhungabanya umudendezo w’igihugu, nta n’ibindi byaha by’ubugizi bwa nabi bizwi ko bakoranye.

2. Bifatwa nk’icyaha cy’ubwinjiracyaha bw’ubuhotozi, iyo hari ibikorwa biboneka, bidashidikanywaho by’intangiriro yo gukora icyaha cy’ubuhotozi. Bityo, kuba Mukantagara yaratanze amafaranga yo kuzana Ndwaniye i Kigali, Nsanzimana akajya kwereka abagombaga kumuzana aho atuye muri Nyaruguru, bakamuzana i Kigali ngo Mukantagara abanze amubone, kandi abahe avansi ku gihembo bari bumvikanye kugira ngo babone kumwica, bikabuzwa n’uko Nyirinkindi yari yarikuye muri uwo mugambi akabimenyesha Polisi ikabafata Ndwaniye ataricwa, bituma Mukantagara na Nsanzimana bahamwa n’ubwinjiracyaha bw’ubuhotozi.

3. Abaregwa bashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano mu gihe icyaha bakoze nta ngaruka zikomeye cyagize. Bityo, igifungo cya burundu abaregwa bahawe kiragabanyijwe, bahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) buri wese.

Abajuriye bahamwa n’ubwinjiracyaha bw’ubuhotozi

Bahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu buri wese.

Urubanza rwajuririwe ruhindutse gusa ku birebana n’ingano y’ibihano.

Amategeko yashingiweho:

Itegeko Ngenga n^o 01/2012/OL ryo kuwa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana, ingingo ya 77, 4^o, 681.

Itegeko-Teka Nº 21/77 ryo kuwa 18/8/1977 rishyiraho Igitabo cy’amategeko ahana, ingingo za 21, 281, 312.

Nta rubanza rwifashishijwe.

Urubanza

I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA

[1]               Mukantagara Séraphine yagiranye amakimbirane na sebukwe Ndwaniye Thacien, akomoka ku mazu Ndwaniye avuga ko Mukantagara yabohoje igihe we yari afunze, maze aho afunguriwe Mukantagara yanga kuyamusubiza, bituma Ndwaniye atanga ikirego mu Rukiko, Mukantagara aratsindwa, arajurira.

[2]               Mu gihe urubanza rwari rutaraburanishwa, Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Mukantagara yacuze umugambi wo kwicisha Ndwaniye, ndetse awugeza kuri Nsanzimana nawe awugeza kuri Nyirinkindi Peter, uyu abimenyesha Polisi, ariko akomeza kubibafashamo, batazi ko yabavuyemo.

[3]               Nsanzimana na Nyirinkindi nabo biyambaje uwitwa Haridi ngo azane imbunda bajyane muri Nyaruguru kuzana Ndwaniye, Mukantagara abaha 50.000 Frw yo kugura lisansi, anabemerera kuzabaha avansi ya 500.000 Frw igihe bazaba bamugejeje i Kigali, bafatwa bakihagera Mukantagara abazaniye ya avansi yari yabemereye, umugambi wabo uburizwamo batarica Ndwaniye.

[4]               Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rukuru i Kigali bukurikiranyeho Mukantagara Séraphina na Nsanzimana Antoine ubwinjiracyaha bw’ubwicanyi kuko bacuze umugambi wo kwica Ndwaniye Thatien ukaburizwamo nuko Polisi yabaguye gitumo, ruca urubanza RP 0105/10/HC/KIG kuwa 24/06/2011, rwemeza ko icyo cyaha kibahama, rubahanisha igifungo cya burundu buri wese.

[5]               Mukantagara yajuriye avuga ko yahawe igihano kiremereye ku bwinjiracyaha bw’ubuhotozi atakoreye sebukwe kuko atashakaga kumwica, ahubwo yari agamije kumufungisha.

[6]               Nsanzimana we yajuriye avuga ko urukiko rwaciye urubanza rugenekereje rumuhamya ubwinjiracyaha bw’ubuhotozi atakoze, asaba ko inyito y’icyaha yahinduka agahanirwa icyaha cyo kurema umutwe w’abagizi ba nabi.

[7]               Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame kuwa 14/10/2013, Mukantagara yunganiwe na Me Habimana Adolphe naho Nsanzimana yunganiwe na Me Ruberwa Silas, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Mutayoba Alphonse, umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu.

II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URU RUBANZA

Kumenya niba icyaha Mukantagara Séraphine na Nsanzimana Antoine bakoze ari ukurema umutwe w’abagizi ba nabi cyangwa ubwinjiracyaha bw’ubuhotozi.

[8]               Mukantagara na Me Habimana Adolphe umwunganira bavuga ko icyaha cyakozwe atari ubwinjiracyaha bw’ubuhotozi, bagasobanura ko yashatse gufungisha sebukwe Ndwaniye, maze akagurira abazabimufashamo Nyirinkindi na Haridi, yabazaniwe na Nsanzimana.

[9]               Bavuga ko nta mpamvu yatuma rero bashinjwa ubwinjiracyaha bw’ubwicanyi mu gihe bo bari bagambiriye gusa gufungisha Ndwaniye, ko Nyirinkindi na Haridi aribo bari gushakisha icyaha bamuhimbira n’aho bamufungira.

[10]           Mukantagara avuga ko imvugo ze zo mu Bugenzacyaha no mu Bushinjacyaha zitashingirwaho kuko atari ukuri, kubera ko Haridi yamushutse ko niyemera ko yari afite umugambi wo kwica sebukwe, ariho azagabanyirizwa igihano.

[11]           Naho Nsanzimana yunganiwe na Me Ruberwa Silas bavuga ko kuba Nyirinkindi na Haridi barisubiyeho ntibakomeze uwo mugambi ari ikimenyetso cy’uko icyaha bari bagambiriye gukora kitari gushoboka, ko rero inyito y’icyaha yahinduka, agashinjwa icyaha cyo kurema umutwe w’abagizi ba nabi, asaba Urukiko ko rwashingira ku rubanza RP 0067/11/HC/KIG haburanagamo Ubushinjacyaha na Africa Bernard na Uwamahoro Théoneste, aho urukiko rwemeje ko ubujurire bwabo nta shingiro bufite ku byerekeye icyaha cyo kurema umutwe w’abagizi ba nabi bahamijwe n’ibihano bahanishijwe.

[12]            Umushinjacyaha avuga ko icyaha cyakozwe atari ukurema umutwe w’abagizi ba nabi, ahubwo ari ubwinjiracyaha bw’ ubuhotozi kuko abaregwa bacyiyemereye mu Bugenzacyaha no mu Bushinjacyaha, bemeza ko bateguye uyu mugambi wo kwica Ndwaniye, bikabuzwa nuko Nyirinkindi yabibwiye Polisi ikawuburizamo.

[13]           Ku bijyanye no kuba Mukantagara avuga ko icyo yari agambiriye ari ugufungisha Ndwaniye, atari ukumwicisha, Umushinjacyaha avuga ko ibyo nta shingiro bifite kuko aterekana icyaha yari kuba afungishirije sebukwe, ko kandi ibi bikorwa biba hari 2010 mu gihe nta muntu waba yari agifungirwa ubusa.

[14]            Ku byerekeye urwo rubanza RP 0067/11/HC/KIG09/09/2011 MP c/ Africa Bernard na Uwamahoro, Nsanzimana n’umwunganira basaba ko uru Rukiko rwashingiraho, Umushinjacyaha avuga ko urwo rubanza rwerekeye umutwe w’abagizi ba nabi Afurika na Uwamahoro bari baremye kugira ngo bashyire mu bikorwa umugambi wo kwica uwitwa Ndagiwenimana, bashatse kuwinjizamo uwitwa Hope na Nkurikiwenimana Gaston. Kuba aba badashobora gukurikiranwa, ntibyaba urwitwazo ko uwo umutwe utabayeho, kuko wabayeho igihe abawushinze bari bamaze kwemeranywa ku mugambi wo kwica Ndagiwenimana. Kubera ariko ko Hope na Nkurikiwenimana binjiye muri gahunda y’uwo mutwe kugira ngo babone uko baburira inzego z’umutekano zishobore kuburizamo uwo mugambi, ntibakurikiranwa hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 283 y’igitabo cy’amategeko ahana cyakoreshwaga, ariko ntibyabuza kuba uwo mutwe w’abagizi ba nabi warabayeho.

[15]            Ku birebana na Mukantagara na Nsanzimana, Umushinjacyaha yanzura avuga ko bo bacuze umugambi wo kwica Ndwaniye, barawutsotsoba, uza kuburizwamo n’igikorwa kitabaturutseho, kuko Polisi yaburiwe n’umwe mu bo bawugejejeho, ikawubatesha bagejeje Ndwaniye i Kigali, aho Mukantagara yari abategerereje ngo abahe avansi ya 500.000 Frw yari yabemereye, bakabona kumwica. Umushinjacyaha avuga ko asanga izo manza zombi zitagereranywa kuko ntaho zihuriye.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA

a. Ku byerekeranye n’icyaha cyo kurema umutwe w’abagizi ba nabi.

[16]           Ingingo ya 281 y’Itegeko-Teka nº 21/77 ryo kuwa 18/8/1977 rishyiraho Igitabo cy’amategeko ahana cyakoreshwaga icyaha gikorwa ihuje n’iya 681 y’Itegeko Ngenga nº 01/2012 ryo kuwa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho Igitabo cy’amategeko ahana ivuga ko ‘‘Kurema umutwe wose, hatitaweho umubare w’abawugize cyangwa igihe uzamara, ugamije kugirira nabi abantu cyangwa ibyabo, ari icyaha cy'ubugome kigirwa nuko kurema[1] agakungu ubwabyo’’.

[17]           Icyumvikana kuri izi ngingo zombi ni uko kurema umutwe w’abagizi ba nabi ari icyaha cyigenga gitandukanye n’ibyaha bikorwa muri urwo rwego cyangwa n’uwo mutwe. Byumvikana kandi ko kugira ngo bene icyo cyaha kibeho, ari ngombwa ko abantu baba barishyize hamwe hagamijwe kugirira nabi abantu cyangwa ibyabo (organisation criminelle). Byongeye kandi mu gitabo cya mbere cy’amategeko ahana kimwe n’igishyiraho itegeko rihana rishya, izi ngingo zigaragara mu mutwe wa “IV” uteganya ibyaha bihungabanya umudendezo w’igihugu (les infractions contre la sécurité publique), bivuze ko igihe abantu bifatanyije ngo bagire umuntu bahitana ku giti cye, icyo gikorwa cyabo bagambiriye kitafatwa mu rwego rwo guhungabanya umudendezo w’igihugu.

[18]           Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro bitanzwe, Urukiko rusanga icyaha cyo kurema umutwe w’abagizi ba nabi nk’uko abaregwa bacyireguza nta shingiro ryabyo, kuko nta mutwe w’abagizi ba nabi uzwi ko bashinze, kandi n’ibikorwa bashinjwa ko bakoze ntibyari bigamije guhungabanya umudendezo w’igihugu, nta n’ibindi byaha by’ubugizi bwa nabi bizwi ko bakoranye, bikubitiyeho ko bitari ngombwa kurema umutwe w’abagizi ba nabi kugira ngo Ndwaniye yicwe.

b. Ku cyaha cy’ubwinjiracyaha mu buhotozi

[19]           Ingingo ya 21 y’Igitabo cy’amategeko ahana cyariho icyo gihe, ivuga ko ‘‘Ubwinjira-cyaha buhanirwa iyo imigambi yo gukora icyaha yagaragajwe n'ibikorwa biboneka, bidashidikanywa by'intangiriro y'icyaha, bigenewe kugitsotsoba, bigahagarikwa gusa cyangwa bikabuzwa kugera ku cyifuzo, bikazitirwa gusa n'impamvu zidakomoka ku bwende bwa nyir’icyaha”.

[20]           Ku bijyanye n’icyaha cy’ubwinjiracyaha bw’ubuhotozi Mukantagara akurikiranyweho, Urukiko rusanga imyiregurire ye y’uko yaragambiriye gusa gufungisha sebukwe Ndwaniye nta shingiro ryayo kuko atagaragaza icyaha Ndwaniye yari gufungirwa. Kuvuga kandi ko cyari gushakwa n’abo yatumye kumuvana i Nyaruguru bamujyana i Kigali nabyo nta shingiro bifite kuko abo yishyuriye urugendo ngo bajye kuzana Ndwaniye, ntacyo bapfaga nawe, nta rubanza bari bafitanye nawe, ntacyo bari bamukurikiranyeho uretse “ikiraka” yabahaye bari kuzahemberwa cyo kuzamuzana i Kigali kugira ngo abanze amubone, abahe avansi ku gihembo bari bumvikanye, babone kumwica. Byongeye kandi nta n’indi mpamvu agaragaza yari gutuma batamufungira i Nyaruguru, iyo koko umugambi we uba wari ukumufungisha gusa.

[21]           Isesengura rya dosiye rigaragaza ko mu ibazwa rya Nyirinkindi mu Bugenzacyaha, yavuze ko Nsanzimana yaje kumureba akamubwira ko afite “deal” (ikiraka) yahawe na Mukantagara ngo bice sebukwe kuko yari agiye kumutsindira amazu amaranye igihe kandi yarayasanishije (cote 6). Yavuze kandi ko bari bemeranyijwe ko azamuhemba 1.200.000 Frw, yanasobanuye kuri kote ya 5 uburyo bahawe 50.000 Frw yo kugura lisansi no gukodesha imodoka yo kujya kuzana uwo musaza Ndwaniye wagombaga kwicwa, iby’ayo mafaranga kandi na Mukantagara yarabyiyemereye kuri kote ya 15 mu Bugenzacyaha. Nyirinkindi yemeye kandi ko bamaze kumuzana, Mukantagara yari kubaha 500.000 Frw, asigaye akazayabaha bamaze kumwica.

[22]           Mu ibazwa rya Nsanzimana Antoine yemeye ko yatangiye afite umugambi wo gufungisha Ndwaniye nyuma aza kugira uwo kumwica abigiriwemo inama na Haridi na Nyirinkindi. Kuri kote ya 11 Nsanzimana yemeye ko ariwe wanditse agapapuro kariho aderesi ya Ndwaniye, yemera kandi ko avansi y’amafaranga 500.000 Frw yagombaga gutangwa mbere yo kumwica, anemeza ko mu kuzana Ndwaniye, Nyirinkindi na Haridi bagombaga kumwica ariko ko atari azi aho bari kumwicira. Yemeje kandi ko yajyanye nabo kumuzana.

[23]           Mu ibazwa rya Mukantagara kuri kote 15, yemeye ko yatanze amafaranga ya lisansi yo kujya kuzana Ndwaniye. Yemeye kandi ko ibyo kumwica yabiganiriyeho nabo yatumye kumuzana n’ubwo batabifasheho icyemezo, avuga ariko ko ntacyo apfana na Nsanzimana Antoine, nyamara mu ibazwa rya Mukankindi Dévota, murumuna wa Mukantagara, we yemeje ko Nsanzimana ari muramu wabo. Naho mu ibazwa rya Ndwaniye yemeje ko Mukantagara na Nsanzimana bose ari bakavukire bo mu Mudugudu w’iwabo.

[24]           Muri dosiye kandi kuri kote ya 17, hagaragaramo inyandikomvugo y’ifatira ya 500.000 Frw Mukantagara Séraphine yafatanywe kandi nawe yashyizeho umukono yemera ko ari aye.

[25]           Nk’uko Urukiko Rukuru rwabyemeje, Urukiko rusanga hari ibimenyetso by’ibikorwa bidashidikanywa bigaragaza ko Mukantagara na Nsanzimana bashatse kwica Ndwaniye, bigaharikwa na Polisi yabaguye gitumo, bikurikira:

Kuba ubwabo biyemerera ko umugambi wo kumwica bawuganiriyeho n’ubwo Nsanzimana avuga ko yari kwicwa na Nyirinkindi na Haridi, ibyo bikaba nta gitangaza kirimo kuko n’ubundi n’icyo yari yabahamagariye.

Kuba Mukantagara yemera ko yatanze amafaranga yo kujya kuzana Ndwaniye muri Nyaruguru, n’ubwo avuga ko kwari ukugirango bamufungishe, ntagaragaza aho yari gufungirwa n’icyo yari gufungirwa, n’igihe icyo gifungo cyari kumara kugira ngo yizere ko ikibazo cy’amazu yari afitanye na Ndwaniye kirangiye.

Kuba Nyirinkindi yarasobanuye uko umugambi wateguwe akavuga uburyo Mukantagara yari gutanga 500.000 Frw bamaze kugeza Ndwaniye i Kigali kandi Mukantagara akaba ariyo yafatanywe aje kubareba.

Kuba Mukantagara avuga ko ntacyo apfana na Nsanzimana kandi murumuna we yemeza ko ari muramu wabo no kuba Nsanzimana avuga ko atazi aho Ndwaniye atuye kandi Ndwaniye yemeza ko ari bakavukire bo mu Mudugudu umwe.

[26]           Urukiko rusanga hari ibikorwa biboneka, byose bidashidikanywaho by’intangiriro yo gukora icyaha bigizwe nuko Mukantagara yatanze amafaranga yo kuzana Ndwaniye i Kigali, Nsanzimana ajya kwereka abagombaga kumuzana aho atuye muri Nyaruguru, bamuzana i Kigali ngo Mukantagara abanze amubone, kandi abahe avansi ku gihembo bari bumvikanye kugira ngo babone kumwica ariko kandi bibuzwa nuko Nyirinkindi yari yarikuye muri uwo mugambi akabimenyesha Polisi ibafata Ndwaniye ataricwa, bityo Mukantagara na Nsanzimana bakaba bahamwa n’ubwinjiracyaha bw’ubuhotozi buhanishwa igifungo cya burundu nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 312 y’Igitabo cy’amategeko ahana cyakoreshwaga icyaha gikorwa.

[27]           Ku byerekeye imyiregurire ya Nsanzimana yuko nta cyaha we na Mukantagara bakwiye gukurikiranwaho kuko Nyirinkindi na Haridi bisubiyeho, ntibageza umugambi ku ndunduro, icyaha bari bagambiriye gukora kikaba kitari gushoboka, Urukiko rusanga kuba Nyirinkindi na Haridi barikuye mu mugambi wo kwica Ndwaniye bitabavanaho icyaha, kuko ntakigaragaza ko kugeza bafatwa nabo baretse umugambi wabo mubisha nk’uko byagenze k’uwitwa Hope na Nkurikiwenimana Gaston mu rubanza RP 0067/11/HC/KIG09/09/ MP c/Africa Bernard na Uwamahoro, bikuye mu mugambi wo kwica Ndagiwenimana mbere y’uko bakurikiranwa, byongeye kandi iki gikorwa cyabo cyo kwikura muri uwo mugambi kikaba kitaravanyeho icyaha Africa Bernard na Uwamahoro kuko baremye umutwe w’abagizi ba nabi bagambiriye kuzica Ndagiwenimana n’ubwo waburijwemo n’inzego z’umutekano.

[28]           Ku bijyanye n’ibihano Mukantagara na Nsanzimana bakwiye guhabwa, Urukiko rusanga bakwiye kugabanyirizwa ibihano hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 77, 4^o y’Itegeko Ngenga n° 01/2012/OL ryo kuwa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho Igitabo cy’amategeko ahana, kuko icyaha bakoze nta ngaruka zikomeye cyateje, igifungo cya burundu bahawe kikagabanywa, bagahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) buri wese.

III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO

[29]           Rwemeje ko Nsanzimana Antoine na Mukantagara bahamwa n’ubwinjiracyaha bw’ubuhotozi.

[30]           Rwemeje ko bahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka icumi n’itanu (15) buri wese.

[31]           Ruvuze ko imikirize y’urubanza nº RP 0105/HC/KIG rwaciwe kuwa 24/06/2011 rwajuririwe ihindutse gusa ku birebana n’ingano y’ibihano.