Urukiko Rukuru

PAPETERIE LA VERITÉ ET SUPPLIES LTD v GORILLA NEST LODGE AND GOLF RESTORT LTD

[Rwanda URUKIKO RUKURU RW’UBUCURUZI – RCOM 00027/2022/HCC (Noheli, PJ) 04 Gicurasi 2022]

Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’manza z’ubucuruzi – Iyakirwa ry’ikirego – Kugira inyungu yo kurega – Inyungu yo mu gihe kizaza cyangwa y’agateganyo ntishobora gutuma habaho ikirego – Inyungu yemewe ni ihuye n’ibyo urega ateganya ku buryo yemerera umucamanza gukemura impaka ari yo akoresheje.

Incamake y’ikibazo: Papeterie la verité et supplies Ltd yatanze ikirego isaba guhagarika irangiza ry’urubanza RCOMA 00087/2021/HCC mu gihe urubanza RS/RE/RCOM 00004/2022/HCC, rusaba kurusubirishamo ingingo nshya rutaracibwa, kuko hashobora kuvuka ingaruka mu gihe usaba kurusubirishamo ingingo nshya atsinze bitewe n’uko hari factures zindi ziri mu rubanza remezo zingana na 2.820.000 FRW.

Mbere y’uko ijya mu mizi y’urubanza, Gorilla Nest Lodge and Golf Restort Ltd yireguye ivuga ko Papeterie la verité et supplies Ltd isaba guhagarika irangiza ry’urubanza RCOMA 00087/2021/HCC mu gihe urubanza RS/RE/RCOM 00004/2022/HCC rutaracibwa ariko ko nta bimenyetso bitangwa by’uko urwo rubanza rurimo kurangizwa. Isaba ko ikirego cya Papeterie la verité et supplies Ltd kitakirwa ndetse igategakwa gutanga indishyi zitandukanye kuko ngo nta nyungu ifite zatuma ikirego cyayo cyakirwa.

Papeterie la verité et supplies Ltd ivuga ko ifite inyungu zo gutanga ikirego cyihutirwa kubera ko gishamikiye ku kirego remezo yaregeye Urukiko, kandi icyo kirego ni icyo gusubirishamo ingingo nshya urubanza basaba ko hahagarikwa irangizwa ryarwo.

Incamake y’icyemezo: Inyungu yo mu gihe kizaza cyangwa y’agateganyo ntishobora gutuma habaho ikirego. Inyungu yemewe ni ihuye n’ibyo urega ateganya ku buryo yemerera umucamanza gukemura impaka ari yo akoresheje. Bityo, Papeterie la Verité et Suppliers Ltd nta nyungu ifite zo gusaba ko hahagarikwa irangiza ry’urubanza ritarabaho.

Ikirego nticyakiriwe.

Amagarama ahwanye n’ibyakozwe.

Amategeko yashingiweho:

Itegeko N^o 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi,3Ingingo ya 3, 83, 111 n’iya 235.

Itegeko N^o 15/2004 ryo kuwa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, 3ngingo ya 3

Imanza zifashishijwe:

Mukamurenzi Diane na Akingeneye Jean de Dieu v Karangwa Elise na Mukarutesi Esperance, RCA 0008/10/CS, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kuwa21/01/2011), Icyegeranyo cy’ Ibyemezo by’ Inkiko, Igitabo cya 1, nimero 12, 2012, p. 46, para 25.

Gukora ni Ngombwa Ltd v Dushimimana Jacqueline, RCA 00001/2022/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 11/02/2022, para 72.

Inyandiko z’abahanga:

L. Cadiet et E. Jeuland, Droit judiciaire privé, 5è éd., Paris, Litec, 2006, p. 291.

Urubanza

I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA

[1]               Papeterie la verité et supplies Ltd ivuga ko mu rubanza RCOMA 00087/2021/HCC rwaciwe kuwa 14/02/2022 urukiko rwemeje ko itsinzwe kubera isaba guhabwa 5.875.000 FRW ariko ngo urukiko rwasuzumye factures zose zatanzwe, rusanga ari iza 3.055.000 FRW kandi ababuranyi b’impande zombi batagaragaza ko izo factures batazizi ndetse ko no mu iburanisha ku rwego rwa mbere, ngo Gorilla Nest Lodge and Golf Restort Ltd yavuga ko ayo mafaranga aregerwa yayishyuye Nkundabera Evariste ariko akabihakana.

[2]               Papeterie la verité et supplies Ltd ivuga ko impamvu isaba ko urubanza RCOMA 00087/2021/HCC rutarangizwa ari uko hari factures zindi ziri mu rubanza remezo zingana na 2.820.000 FRW. Ivuga ko icyihutirwa muri uru rubanza ngo ni uko urubanza RCOMA 00087/2021/HCC ruramutse rurangijwe kandi hari ikirego kirusubirishamo ingingo nshya, hashobora kuvuka ingaruka mu gihe uwasubirishijemo urubanza ingingo nshya atsinze. Ikindi ngo ni uko urubanza rw’iremezo ruzaburanishwa kuwa 13/05/2022 saa tatu (9h00), bityo ko Urukiko rufashe icyemezo cyo guhagarika irangiza ry’urubanza; nta ngaruka byateza uwari watsinze.

[3]               Mbere y’uko ijya mu mizi y’urubanza, Gorilla Nest Lodge and Golf Restort Ltd ivuga ko Papeterie la verité et supplies Ltd isaba guhagarika irangiza ry’urubanza RCOMA 00087/2021/HCC mu gihe urubanza RS/RE/RCOM 00004/2022/HCC rutaracibwa ariko ko nta bimenyetso bitangwa by’uko urubanza RCOMA 00087/2021/HCC rurimo kurangizwa. Bityo rero ngo nta nyungu ifite zatuma ikirego cyayo cyakirwa. Isaba ko ikirego cya Papeterie la verité et supplies Ltd kitakirwa ndetse igategakwa gutanga indishyi zitandukanye.

[4]               Uru rubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame, Papeterie la verité et supplies Ltd ihagarariwe na Me Ruberwa Silas. Gorilla Nest Lodge and Golf Restort Ltd yaburanye ihagarariwe na Me Bizimana Emmanuel.

[5]               Ibibazo bigize urubanza birasuzumwa ni ibi bikurikira:

-          Kumenya niba nta bikorwa byo kurangiza urubanza ruvugwa bihari, kandi niba ibura ryabyo ryatuma urega atagira inyungu mu rubanza.

-          Kumenya ishingiro ry’indishyi zisabwa muri uru rubanza.

II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA

1. Kumenya niba nta bikorwa byo kurangiza urubanza ruvugwa bihari kandi niba ibura ryabyo ryatuma urega atagira inyungu mu rubanza

[6]               Uhagariye Gorilla Nest Lodge and Golf Restort Ltd avuga ko mmuri uru rubanza kuri Papeterie la verité et supplies Ltd nta inyungu yemewe n’amategeko ihari, ifatika kandi itaziguye ifite (intérêt légitime, personnel, concret, direct, né et actuel) kuko isaba guhagarika irangiza ry’urubanza RCOMA 00087/2021/HCC mu gihe urubanza RS/RE/RCOM 00004/2022/HCC rutaracibwa ariko ko nta bimenyetso bitangwa by’uko urubanza RCOMA 00087/2021/HCC rurimo kurangizwa ku buryo Urukiko rwategeka ko iryo rangizwa ryarwo rihagarara nk’uko abisaba. Avuga ko kuba nta nyungu urega afite zo gutanga ikirego, ngo ntabwo gikwiye kwakirwa.

[7]               Uhagariye Papeterie la verité et supplies Ltd avuga ko ifite inyungu zo gutanga ikirego cyihutirwa kubera ko gishamikiye ku kirego remezo yaregeye urukiko, kandi icyo kirego ni icyo gusubirishamo ingingo nshya urubanza basaba ko hahagarikwa irangizwa ryarwo.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA

[8]               Ingingo ya 3 y’Itegeko N^o 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko ikirego cyakirwa mu rukiko iyo urega afite ububasha, inyungu n’ubushobozi byo kurega, keretse igihe itegeko ribiteganya ukundi. Ingingo ya 83 igika cya 4 y’Itegeko N^o 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 rimaze kuvugwa haruguru iteganya ko impamvu ituma ikirego kitakirwa ni ingingo yose isaba kutakira ikirego cy’umuburanyi, hatinjiwe mu mizi yacyo, kubera ko adafite uburenganzira bwo kurega, nko kuba adafite ububasha n’inyungu zo kurega (…).

[9]               Ingingo ya 3 y’Itegeko N^o 15/2004 ryo kuwa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo iteganya ko buri muburanyi agomba kugaragaza ukuri kw’ibyo aburana.

[10]           Dosiye y’uru rubanza igaragaza ko hari urubanza RCOMA 00087/2021/HCC rwaciwe kuwa 14/02/2022 Gorilla Nest Lodge and Golf Restort Ltd iburana na Papeterie la Verité et Suppliers Ltd haburanwa gusaba urukiko gutegeka Gorilla Nest Lodge and Golf Resort Ltd kwishyura umwenda ungana na 5.875.000 FRW ukomoka ku mabuye yo kubaka yagemuriwe na Papeterie la Verité et Suppliers Ltd hajuririrwa urubanza RCOM 01537/2020/TC rwaciwe kuwa 31/12/2020. Urwo rubanza rwagobotsemo ku bushake CL Mining Ubuntu Company Ltd ariko ikirego cy’uko kugoboka nticyakirwa. Mu mizi y’urubanza, Urukiko rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Gorilla Nest Lodge and Golf Resort Ltd bufite ishingiro, kandi ko imikirize y’urubanza RCOM 01537/2020/TC rwaciwe kuwa 31/12/2020 ihindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose. Rwategetse Papeterie la Verité et Suppliers Ltd guha Gorilla Nest Lodge and Golf Resort Ltd amafaranga 1.200.000 FRW y’igihembo cya avoka n’ikurikiranarubaza no kuyisubiza 40.000 FRW y’amagarama yatanze irega.

[11]           Urukiko rurasanga n’ubwo urubanza RCOMA 00087/2021/HCC rwaciwe, nta kigaragza ko hatangijwe ibikorwa byo kururangiza. Ibyo byumvikanisha ko ntaho urukiko rwahera ruhagarika irangizwa ryarwo kandi ntakigaragaza ko riri kubaho. Ikindi ni uko kuba hari ikirego cy’iremezo uru rubanza rushamikiyeho, ntabwo ari byo bigaragaza inyungu z’urega nk’uko abivuga kuko zitagaragarira mu kuba kiriho ahubwo zigaragarira mu bisabwa urukiko. Ibyo bigaragaza ahubwo ko Papeterie la Verité et Suppliers Ltd nta nyungu ifite zo gusaba ko hahagarikwa irangiza ry’urubanza ritarabaho kandi bihura n’ibivugwa n’abahanga mu mategeko aho bemeza ko inyungu igomba kuba ihari mu itangwa ry’ikirego noneho iyo ibuze, nta kirego kiba kikiriho. Inyungu yo mu gihe kizaza cyangwa y’agateganyo ntishobora gutuma habaho ikirego. Inyungu yemewe n’amategeko ni ihuye n’ibyo ateganya ku buryo yemerera umucamanza gukemura impaka ari yo akoresheje. Ikirego nticyakirwa iyo nta nyungu yemewe n’amategeko ihari.[1]

[12]           Kuba Papeterie la Verité et Suppliers Ltd nta nyungu ifite muri uru rubanza zo kuregera ikintu kitarabaho, kandi ibura ry’inyungu yo kurega ari kimwe mu bituma ikirego kitakirwa ntihinjirwe mu mizi yacyo nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 83 y’Itegeko N^o 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru; byumvikanisha ko ikirego cya Papeterie la Verité et Suppliers Ltd kitagomba kwakirwa.

[13]           Urukiko rurasanga kandi ibimaze kuvugwa haruguru by’uko Papeterie la Verité et Suppliers Ltd nta nyungu ifite muri uru rubanza bitewe n’uko isaba ko hahagarikwa irangizwa ry’urubanza iterekana niba ruri kurangizwa, ndetse ko muri icyo gihe ikirego kitakirwa; bishimangirwa n’ibivugwa n’abahanga mu mategeko aho berekana ko impamvu ituma ikirego kitakirwa ni imyiregurire ituma hatinjirwa mu mizi y’urubanza bitewe n’uko urega nta burenganzira afite bwabyo nko kutagira ububasha, inyungu, ubusaze bw’ikirego, kutubahiriza ibihe biteganywa, urubanza rwabaye itegeko.[2] Hakurikijwe ibimaze kuvugwa haruguru, Urukiko rurasanga ikirego cya Papeterie la Verité et Suppliers Ltd kidakwiye kwakirwa kubera ko idafite inyungu zo kurega.

2. Kumenya ishingiro ry’indishyi zisabwa muri uru rubanza

[14]           Uhagarariye Gorilla Nest Lodge and Golf Restort Ltd asaba Urukiko gutegeka Papeterie la verité et supplies Ltd kuyishyura indishyi z’ibyo yatakarije muri uru rubanza zihwanye n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni ebyiri (2.000.000 FRW) y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza. Avuga ko nka sosiyete, Gorilla Nest Lodge and Golf Restort Ltd yashatse umunyamategeko kugira ngo ayiburanire uru rubanza rutari ngombwa, bityo ko Papeterie la verité et supplies Ltd igomba kubyirengera.

[15]           Uhagariye Papeterie la verité et supplies Ltd avuga ko indishyi zisabwa n’Uregwa nta shingiro zikwiye guhabwa kuko zizasabwa mu kirego cy’iremezo nk’uko itegeko ribiteganya.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA

[16]           Ingingo ya 26 y’Amabwiriza N^o 01/2014 agena ibihembo mbonera by’Abavoka iteganya ko Avoka w’urega wateguye dosiye n’inyandiko ashobora gusaba igihembo fatizo kiri hagati y’amafaranga 500.000 n’amafaranga 5.000.000 (…). Avoka w’uregwa agena ibihembo bye akurikije agaciro k’ikiburanwa, ingorane ziri mu rubanza, hamwe n’ibyo agomba kubanza gukora byose, ndetse n’ingaruka z’icyemezo cyafashwe; ariko igihembo ntikijye munsi y’amafaranga 500.000 kandi ntikirenge amafaranga 3.000.000. Iyo habaye ubujurire, avoka w’urega n’uw’uregwa bashobora gusaba kimwe cya kabiri cy’igihembo cyumvikanyweho ku rwego rwa mbere.

[17]           Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko N^o 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru iteganya ko ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. (…) Kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe.

[18]           Ingingo ya 235 agace ka 1 y’Itegeko N^o 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru iteganya ko irangizwa ry’urubanza ry’agateganyo ribujijwe mu byerekeye amafaranga yose y’ibyakozwe mu rubanza. Naho ingingo ya 187 y’Itegeko N^o 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru iteganya ko icyemezo cyafashwe ku kirego cyihutirwa, kirangizwa by’agateganyo kandi nta ngwate itanzwe n’iyo byasabirwa gusubirwamo cyangwa bikajuririrwa.

[19]           Urukiko rurasanga nk’uko bimaze kugaragazwa haruguru, amafaranga y’ibyakozwe mu rubanza ntabwo ari mu birangizwa by’agateganyo kandi uru rubanza ni ikirego cyihutirwa kirangizwa by’agateganyo. Kuba ariko ikirego kitinjiye mu mizi ngo habe hari ikindi cyaburanwe muri uru rubanza kizasuzumwa mu rubanza rw’iremezo, byumvikanisha ko ibijyanye n’uru rubanza nta rundi ruzabigarukaho. Bityo rero indishyi zisabwa zikaba zikwiye gutangwa kuko nta cyabuza ko hatangwa indishyi z’ibyarutakajwemo kuko ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko N^o 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru. Ibyo kandi ni nabyo byemejwe mu rubanza RCA 0008/10/CS rwaciwe kuwa 21/01/2011 haburana Mukamurenzi Diane na Akingeneye Jean de Dieu baregaga Karangwa Elise na Mukarutesi Esperance. Muri urwo rubanza, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwatanze amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’Avoka mu kirego cyihutirwa kuko abajuriye hari ibyo bakoresheje n’umwanya bataye bakurikirana iby’urwo rubanza.[3] Izo ndishyi kandi zanatanzwe mu rundi rubanza RCA 00001/2022/CA rwaciwe kuwa 11/02/2022 ku kirego cyihutirwa haburana Gukora ni Ngombwa Ltd na Dushimimana Jacqueline.[4]

[20]           Urukiko rurasanga kuba ubujurire bwa Papeterie la verité et supplies Ltd butakiriwe, byumvikanisha ko ari yo nyirabayazana wo kuba uregwa hari ibyo yatakaje muri uru rubanza bitari ngombwa kuko nk’uko bivugwa n’abahanga mu mategeko, indishyi zigizwe no gusubizwa amafaranga mu mwanya w’akababaro cyangwa umutungo watakajwe cyangwa byose icyarimwe.[5]

[21]           Kuba Gorilla Nest Lodge and Golf Restort Ltd iterekana aho ikomora ingano y’indishyi isaba uretse kubivuga gusa, kandi buri muburanyi agomba kugaragaza ukuri kw’ibyo aburana; izo ndishyi akwiye kuzihabwa mu bushishozi bw’urukiko. Ikaba ihawe izingana n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 FRW) y’igihembo cy’Avoka n’ibihumbi ijana (100.000 FRW) y’ikurikiranarubanza. Yose hamwe akaba 600.000 FRW.

III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO

[22]           Rwemeje ko Papeterie la verité et supplies Ltd nta nyungu ifite muri uru rubanza, kandi ko ikirego cyayo kitakiriwe.

[23]           Rwemeje ko Papeterie la verité et supplies Ltd igomba guha Gorilla Nest Lodge and Golf Restort Ltd indishyi z’ibyatakajwe muri uru rubanza zingana n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 FRW) y’igihembo cy’Avoka n’ibihumbi ijana (100.000 FRW) y’ikurikiranarubanza. Yose hamwe akaba 600.000 FRW.

[24]           Rutegetse ko amafaranga y’u Rwanda ibihumbi mirongo ine (40.000 FRW) Papeterie la verité et supplies Ltd yatanzeho ingwate y’amagarama irega, ahwanye n’ibyakozwe byose muri uru rubanza.