Urukiko rw’Ubujurire

MININTCO ® LTD  v. DRESOCECO LTD N’UNDI

[Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RCOM 00001/2019/CA (Karimunda, P.J., Kaliwabo na Tugireyezu, J.) 3 Nyakanga 2020]

Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza  – Impamvu z’iyakira ry’ikirego ku ivuguruzanya ry’imanza– Ikirego kigamije gusaba gukemura ivuguruzanya hagati y’imanza, ku munsi cyaregewe kigomba kuba cyujuje icyarimwe ibintu bitatu by’ingenzi (conditions cumulatives essentielles): Kuba kireba imanza zaciwe ku kiburanwa gifite kamere imwe cyangwa ku kibazo kimwe cy’ibyabaye cyangwa icy’amategeko (même question de fait ou de droit); Kuba imanza ziregerwa kuvuguruzanya zitagishobora kujuririrwa; Kuba ibyemezo byazifashwemo bidashobora kurangizwa hatabayeho ivuguruzanya.

Incamake y’ikibazo: Habayeho imanza ebyiri zijyanye n’ibirego bijyanye no kwandikisha ibicuruzwa bigatuma hari umuburanyi witwaza ko ibyakozwe bijyanye n’ipiganwa mu bucuruzi rikoranywe uburiganya.

Urwa mbere rwari rujyanye na MININTCO ® Ltd yaregaga UNITEX RWANDA Ltd ko yakoresheje ndetse ikinjiza mu Rwanda ibicuruzwa bivuye mu Bushinwa bifite ikirango cya "Wild Olive Black hair dye" byigana ku buryo bugaragara ibicuruzwa bifite ikirango cya KANTA BRAND cyandikishijwe mu Kigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Iterambere (RDB) na MININTCO ® Ltd. Yaba urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi ndetse n’urwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi zemeje ko ikirego cya  MININTCO ® Ltd nta shingiro gifite kuko, ikirango "Wild Olive Black hair dye" kiboneka ku bicuruzwa bya UNITEX RWANDA Ltd gitandukanye n‘ikirango "KANTA BRAND" kiboneka ku bicuruzwa bya MININTCO ® Ltd.

Mu rundi rubanza MININTCO ® Ltd yareze DRESOCECO mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Nyarugenge isaba guhagarika ikwirakwizwa ry’ibicuruzwa byatumijwe na DRESOCECO Ltd biriho ikirango "WILD OLIVE" gitera urujijo ku bicuruzwa bifite ikirango cya MININTCO ® Ltd kizwi nka "KANTA BRAND". urwo Rukiko rwasanze nta rujijo ruterwa n’ibicuruzwa bya DRESOCECO LTD kandi ko ikirango cy’ibi bicuruzwa gitandukanye n’ikirango "KANTA BRAND" cya MININTCO ® Ltd.

MININTCO ® Ltd yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, ivuga ko Urukiko rubanza rwirengagije ibimenyetso biboneka ku kirango “WILD OLIVE” bitera urujijo ku bicuruzwa bifite ikirango cya “KANTA BRAND“, ko rutasobanuye icyo rwashingiyeho ruvuga ko DRESOCECO idashobora kuregwa kwigana ibicuruzwa bya “KANTA BRAND“ ngo kuko atari uruganda rukora ibicuruzwa bya “WILD OLIVE“, ko kandi rwashingiye icyemezo cyarwo ku zindi manza zaciwe mbere nyamara izo manza zidahuye n’uru rubanza kandi zitaranze umurongo uhamye kuri icyo kibazo (“une jurisprudence constante“).

Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwemeje ko ikirango “WILD OLIVE” kiboneka ku bicuruzwa bya DRESOCECO gifite ibikiranga bisa n’ibiboneka ku kirango “KANTA BRAND” cyandikishijwe muri RDB na MININTCO ® Ltd, ibyo bikaba bigize ipiganwa ry’ubucuruzi rikoranywe uburiganya. Rwemeje kandi ko ibicuruzwa bya DRESOCECO Ltd bifite ikirango cya “WILD OLIVE” bitemewe gucururizwa ku isoko ry’u Rwanda.

MININTCO ® Ltd yongeye kuregera Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi irusaba gusobanura (interpretation) y’urubanza yaburanye na  DRESOCECO LTD  kubera ko rutagennye amerekezo y’amakarito y'ibicuruzwa bya yafatiriwe na Gasutamo, MININTCO ® Ltd ikaba yari yasabye ko asenywa.

Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi mu gusobanura urwo rubanza,  rwavuze ko ibicuruzwa bya DRESOCECO Ltd, byafatiriwe muri gasutamo, bigomba gukurwa ku butaka bw’u Rwanda kandi bigakorwa ku mugaragaro na MININTCO ® Ltd ihari, mu gihe bidashobotse, bigasenyerwa aho byafatiriwe (destruction).

DRESOCECO Ltd yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ivuga ko nta rwiganwa rwakorewe ikirango “KANTA BRAND” kandi ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwivuguruje mu cyemezo rwayifatiye ugereranyije n’icyafatiwe UNITEX Rwanda Ltd bahuje ikibazo.

MININTCO ® Ltd nayo yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga isaba ko hakemurwa ivuguruzanya riri hagati y’imanza zaciwe mbere hagati ya MININTCO ® Ltd na UNITEX Rwanda Ltd n’urubanza rwabaye hagati ya MININTCO ® Ltd na DRESOCECO Ltd ariko nyuma y’ivugururwa ry’amategeko yerekeye ububasha bw’inkiko, izi manza zombi zohererejwe mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire.

Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwafashe icyemezo ku kirego kirebana n’ivuguruzanya hagati y’imanza, rwemeza ko kitari mu bubasha bwarwo, ikirego cyohererezwa Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, aho cyahawe n° RCOM 00002/2019/SC.

Ku rundi ruhande, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwaciye urubanza rujyanye n’ubujurire bwa DRESOCECO Ltd, rusanga iyi idakwiye kwitwaza urubanza rwabaye itegeko hagati ya MININTCO ® Ltd na UNITEX Rwanda Ltd ngo isabe Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi kuguma muri uwo murongo ku biyireba kuko ababuranyi atari bamwe ndetse n’ibirego bikaba bitandukanye. Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwategetse ko ibicuruzwa bya DRESOCECO Ltd bifite ikirango cya “Wild Olive” bidacururizwa ku butaka bw’u Rwanda kuko iki kirango ari urwiganwa rwa “KANTA BRAND”, ikirango MININTCO ® Ltd yandikishije muri RDB, bityo iyi ikaba igomba kurindwa ipiganwa ririmo uburiganya (concurrence déloyale).

Urukiko rw’Ikirenga narwo rwasanze rudafite ububasha bwo kuburanisha ikirego kirebana n’ivuguruzanya ry’imanza rwashyikirijwe na MININTCO ® Ltd rugisubiza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire.

Urukiko, mbere yo gusuzuma ivuguruzanya ryaregewe, rwasuzumye ingingo z’ingenzi zishingirwaho mu kwakira ikirego ku ivuguruzanya ry’imanza kuko uwajuriye yakomezaga kwitsitsa ko Urukiko rwasuzuma ikibazo kijyanye n’ivuguruzanya ry’imanza rwaregewe naho abaregwa mu bujurire bo bakavuga ko ikirego cy’uwajuriye kitakwakira kuko hari imanza zivugwa harimo izitaraba itegeko kandi zikaba zitaraciwe n’urukiko rumwe.  

Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Ikirego kigamije gusaba gukemura ivuguruzanya hagati y’imanza, ku munsi cyaregewe kigomba kuba cyujuje icyarimwe ibintu bitatu by’ingenzi (conditions cumulatives essentielles) aribyo:   Kuba kireba imanza zaciwe ku kiburanwa gifite kamere imwe cyangwa ku kibazo kimwe cy’ibyabaye cyangwa icy’amategeko (même question de fait ou de droit); Kuba imanza ziregerwa kuvuguruzanya zitagishobora kujuririrwa; Kuba ibyemezo byazifashwemo bidashobora kurangizwa hatabayeho ivuguruzanya.

Ikirego nticyacyiriwe.

Amagarama ahwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza.

Amategeko yashingiweho:

Itegeko no 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi.

Amabwiriza n° 01/2014 yo ku wa 18/07/2014 agena ibihembo mbonera by’Abavoka.

Inyandiko z’abahanga zifashishijwe:

Francois Boucard, Pourvoi en cassation-controle de la conformité du jugement - cas d’ouverture et moyens de cassation, 2017.

Loic Cadiet et Emmanuel Jeuland, Droit judiciaire privé, 5e éd., Litec,Paris, 2006, p. 543.

Serge Guinchard, Droit et pratique de la procedure civile, 8e éd.,Dalloz, Paris, 2014,p. 1661.

Imanza zifashishijwe:

Urubanza hagati ya NDAYISENGA Protais na UMUHOZA Annonciata, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 28/09/2018.

Urubanza RS/SPEC/0002/13/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 14/07/2017 hagati ya MUREKATETE Immaculee na NAHO David n’abazungura ba GASHARAZI Jennifer.

Affaire Madame X...c/ La Societe Dievale , N° de pourvoi: 03-43361, Cour de cassation, chambre sociale, publiée au Bulletin 2005 V N° 253 p. 222

Urubanza

I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA

[1]              MININTCO ® Ltd yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Nyarugenge irega UNITEX RWANDA Ltd ko yakoresheje ndetse ikinjiza mu Rwanda ibicuruzwa bivuye mu Bushinwa bifite ikirango cya "Wild Olive Black hair dye" byigana ku buryo bugaragara ibicuruzwa bifite ikirango cya KANTA BRAND cyandikishijwe mu Kigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Iterambere (RDB) na MININTCO ® Ltd, isaba ko Urukiko rwemeza ko UNITEX RWANDA Ltd yakoze ipiganwa mu bucuruzi rikoranywe uburiganya no gutegeka ko ibicuruzwa bifite ikirango cya «Wilde Olive Black hair dye » bisenywa.

[2]              Mu rubanza no RCOM 1105/15/TC/NYGE rwaciwe ku wa 16/02/2016, Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Nyarugenge rwemeje ko ikirango "Wild Olive Black hair dye" kiboneka ku bicuruzwa bya UNITEX RWANDA Ltd gitandukanye n‘ikirango "KANTA BRAND" kiboneka ku bicuruzwa bya MININTCO ® Ltd, rwanzura ko ikirego cya MININTCO ® Ltd nta shingiro gifite, rutegeka MININTCO ® Ltd guha UNITEX RWANDA Ltd 700.000 Frw akubiyemo 600.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 100.000 Frw y’indishyi z‘ikurikiranarubanza.

[3]              MININTCO ® Ltd yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, mu rubanza no RCOMA 00194/2016/CHC/HCC rwaciwe ku wa 12/10/2016, urwo Rukiko narwo remeza ko hari itandukaniro hagati y’ikirango "Wild Olive Black hair dye" cya UNITEX RWANDA Ltd n’ikirango "KANTA BRAND" cya MININTCO ® Ltd, rutegeka MININTCO (R) Ltd kwishyura UNITEX RWANDA Ltd 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 500.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza.

[4]              Mu rundi rubanza MININTCO ® Ltd yareze DRESOCECO Ltd mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Nyarugenge isaba guhagarika ikwirakwizwa ry’ibicuruzwa byatumijwe na DRESOCECO Ltd biriho ikirango "WILD OLIVE" gitera urujijo ku bicuruzwa bifite ikirango cya MININTCO ® Ltd kizwi nka "KANTA BRAND".

[5]              Mu rubanza no RCOM 00385/2017/TC/NYGE rwaciwe ku wa 20/04/2017, urwo Rukiko rwasanze nta rujijo ruterwa n’ibicuruzwa bya DRESOCECO LTD kandi ko ikirango cy’ibi bicuruzwa gitandukanye n’ikirango "KANTA BRAND" cya MININTCO ® Ltd.

[6]              MININTCO ® Ltd yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, ivuga ko Urukiko rubanza rwirengagije ibimenyetso biboneka ku kirango “WILD OLIVE” bitera urujijo ku bicuruzwa bifite ikirango cya “KANTA BRAND“, ko rutasobanuye icyo rwashingiyeho ruvuga ko DRESOCECO idashobora kuregwa kwigana ibicuruzwa bya “KANTA BRAND“ ngo kuko atari uruganda rukora ibicuruzwa bya “WILD OLIVE“, ko kandi rwashingiye icyemezo cyarwo ku zindi manza zaciwe mbere nyamara izo manza zidahuye n’uru rubanza kandi zitaranze umurongo uhamye kuri icyo kibazo (“une jurisprudence constante“).

[7]              Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwaciye urubanza no RCOMA 000236/2017/CHC/HCC ku wa 16/11/2017, rwemeza ko ikirango “WILD OLIVE” kiboneka ku bicuruzwa bya DRESOCECO gifite ibikiranga bisa n’ibiboneka ku kirango “KANTA BRAND” cyandikishijwe muri RDB na MININTCO ® Ltd, ibyo bikaba bigize ipiganwa ry’ubucuruzi rikoranywe uburiganya. Mu gusuzuma isano riri hagati y’ibi birango byombi, Urukiko rwashingiye ku buhamya bwa RUHIMA MBARAGA Blaise, impuguke mu kigo RDB, wagaragaje amagambo n’amashusho asa n’adasa kuri ibi birango, rushingira no ku biteganywa n’Itegeko no 31/2009 ryo ku wa 26/10/2009 rigamije kurengera umutungo bwite mu by’ubwenge. Rwemeje kandi ko ibicuruzwa bya DRESOCECO Ltd bifite ikirango cya “WILD OLIVE” bitemewe gucururizwa ku isoko ry’u Rwanda.

[8]              MININTCO ® Ltd yongeye kuregera Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi irusaba gusobanura (interpretation) urubanza no RCOMA 00236/2017/CHC/HCC kubera ko rutagennye amerekezo y’amakarito 200 y'ibicuruzwa bya DRESOCECO LTD yafatiriwe na Gasutamo, MININTCO ® Ltd ikaba yari yasabye ko asenywa.

[9]              Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, mu rubanza no RS/INTERT/RCOM 00008/2017/CHC/HCC rwaciwe ku wa 25/01/2018, rwasobanuye urubanza no RCOMA 00236/2017/CHC/HCC ruvuga ko ibicuruzwa bya DRESOCECO Ltd, byafatiriwe muri gasutamo, bigomba gukurwa ku butaka bw’u Rwanda kandi bigakorwa ku mugaragaro na MININTCO ® Ltd ihari, mu gihe bidashobotse, bigasenyerwa aho byafatiriwe (destruction).

[10]          Ku wa 16/11/2017, DRESOCECO Ltd yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kuri no RCOMAA 00014/2018/SC ivuga ko nta rwiganwa rwakorewe ikirango “KANTA BRAND” kandi ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwivuguruje mu cyemezo rwayifatiye ugereranyije n’icyafatiwe UNITEX Rwanda Ltd bahuje ikibazo.

[11]          Ku wa 28/02/2018, MININTCO ® Ltd nayo yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga isaba ko hakemurwa ivuguruzanya riri hagati y’urubanza n° RCOMA 00194/2016/CHC/HCC haburana MININTCO ® Ltd na UNITEX Rwanda Ltd n’urubanza no RCOMA 00236/2017/CHC/HCC haburana MININTCO ® Ltd na DRESOCECO Ltd, icyo kirego gihabwa n° RCOM 00004/2018/SC.

[12]          Nyuma y’ivugurura ry’amategeko arebana n’ububasha bw’inkiko, izi manza zombi zohererejwe Urukiko rw’Ubujurire hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 105 y’Itegeko no 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’Inkiko, ikirego cya DRESOCECO Ltd cyari gifite no RCOMAA 00014/2018/SC gihabwa no RCOMAA 00086/2018/CA naho icya MININTCO ® Ltd cyari gifite n° RCOM 00004/2018/SC gihabwa n° RCOM 00001/2018/CA.

[13]          Ku wa 10/05/2019, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwafashe icyemezo ku kirego no RCOM 00001/2018/CA kirebana n’ivuguruzanya hagati y’imanza, rwemeza ko kitari mu bubasha bwarwo, ikirego cyohererezwa Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, aho cyahawe n° RCOM 00002/2019/SC.

[14]          Ku rundi ruhande, ku wa 27/09/2019, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwaciye urubanza no RCOMAA 00086/2018/CA ku bujurire bwa DRESOCECO Ltd, rusanga iyi idakwiye kwitwaza urubanza no RCOMA 0194/2016/CHC rwabaye itegeko hagati ya MININTCO ® Ltd na UNITEX Rwanda Ltd ngo isabe Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi kuguma muri uwo murongo ku biyireba kuko ababuranyi atari bamwe ndetse n’ibirego bikaba bitandukanye. Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwategetse ko ibicuruzwa bya DRESOCECO Ltd bifite ikirango cya “Wild Olive” bidacururizwa ku butaka bw’u Rwanda kuko iki kirango ari urwiganwa rwa “KANTA BRAND”, ikirango MININTCO ® Ltd yandikishije muri RDB, bityo iyi ikaba igomba kurindwa ipiganwa ririmo uburiganya (concurrence déloyale).

[15]          Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, mu rubanza RCOM 00002/2019/SC, rwasanze rudafite ububasha bwo kuburanisha ikirego kirebana n’ivuguruzanya ry’imanza rwashyikirijwe na MININTCO ® Ltd rugisubiza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye ku murongo rwafashe mu rubanza no RC 0008/2017/SC, ikirego gihabwa n° RCOM 00001/2018/CA[1] ari rwo rugomba gusuzumwa.

[16]          [Iburanisha ry’uru rubanza ryashyizwe ku wa 3 Kamena 2020, Urukiko ruhamagaye urubanza rusanga MININTCO® Ltd ihagarariwe na Me NSNGUMUREMYI Cyridion, UNITEX Rwanda Ltd iburanirwa na Me RUTEMBESA Phocas naho Me KANANGA Protegene uhagarariye DRESOCECO Ltd yandikiye Urukiko arumenyesha ko ari mu kiruhuko cy’uburwayi kizarangira ku wa 03 Kamena 2020. Iburanisha ry’urubanza ryimuriwe ku wa 04 Kamena 2020, uwo munsi rusanga Me KANANGA Protegene yanditse avuga ko afite imanza mu zindi nkiko, rufata icyemezo cyo kuburanisha urubanza DRESOCECO Ltd idahagarariwe kuko yahamagawe ntiyitabe nta mpamvu yemewe n’amategeko igaragaje.

[15]. Urukiko, mbere yo gusuzuma ivuguruzanya ryaregewe, rwasuzumye ingingo z’ingenzi zishingirwaho mu kwakira ikirego ku ivuguruzanya ry’imanza.

II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA

A. Kumenya niba ikirego ku ivuguruzanya hagati y’imanza gikwiye kwakirwa

[17]          Urukiko rwasabye Me NSENGUMUREMYI Cyridion uburanira MININTCO ® Ltd kugaragaza imanza zivuguruzanya, asobanura ko batanga ikirego, ivuguruzanya ryari hagati y’urubanza no RCOMA 00194/2016/CHC/HCC n’urubanza no RCOMA 00236/2017/CHC/HCC zaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ariko ko urubanza RCOMA 00236/2017/CHC/HCC rwaje gucibwa mu bujurire mu rubanza no RCOMAA 00086/2018/CA bigatuma Urukiko rw’ubujurire rutanga umurongo ugomba gukurikizwa mu manza zifitanye isano. Me NSENGUMUREMYI Cyridion akomeza avuga ko urubanza no RCOMA 00194/2016/CHC/HCC rwabaye itegeko kandi ruvuguruzanya n’umurongo wafashwe mu manza zitandukanye zirebana n’urwiganwa rukorerwa ikirango cyayo cya “KANTA BRAND”, ko n’ubwo urubanza no RCOMAA 00086/2018/CA rwatanze umurongo ariko ko bitakemuye ikibazo kiboneka mu rubanza no RCOMA 00194/2016/CHC/HCC rwabaye itegeko.

[18]          Me NSENGUMUREMYI Cyridion asaba kandi ko hashingirwa no ku cyemezo No 025/2018 cya Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga cyategetse Ubwanditsi kwandika ikirego cya MININTCO ® Ltd, kuko nawe yasanze urubanza no RCOMA 00194/2016/CHC/HCC ruvuguruzanya n’urubanza no RCOMA 00236/2017/CHC/HCC ndetse asanga hakwiye gutangwa umurongo ugenderwaho mu kugena ko habayeho urwiganwa rw’ikirango n’ipiganwa mu bucuruzi rikoranywe uburiganya.

[19]          Me RUTEMBESA Phocas, uburanira UNITEX Rwanda Ltd, avuga ko imanza zifatwa nk’izivuguruzanya iyo zaciwe n’Inkiko ziri ku rwego rumwe kandi zabaye itegeko, ko mu gihe cyo gutanga ikirego MININTCO (R) Ltd yavugaga ko ari imanza zaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, ariko ko hagati aho rumwe muri izo manza rwari rwarajuririwe mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruracibwa, akaba asanga ikirego cyatanzwe na MININTCO (R) Ltd kidakwiye kwakirwa kuko nta mpamvu yacyo, ko icyo MININTCO ® Ltd ishobora gukora ari ugusubirishamo ingingo nshya urubanza RCOMA 00194/2016/CHC/HCC.

 UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA

[20]          Urukiko rurasanga n’ubwo amategeko y’u Rwanda adasobanura imiterere y’imanza zivuguruzanya, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, mu rubanza no RS/SPEC/0002/13/CS rwaciwe ku wa 14/07/2017, rwarasobanuye ko habaho ivuguruzanya ry’imanza iyo ibyemezo byafashwemo ku buryo budasubirwaho, bidashobora kubangikana[2]. Urukiko rusesa imanza rwo mu gihugu cy’u Bufaransa na rwo rwasanze, kuba imanza zitakijuririrwa (non susceptibles de recours ordinaire) kandi zivuguruzanya ari byo bishingirwaho mu gusuzuma ikirego cy’ivuguruzanya hagati imanza. Ibi rwabigarutseho mu rubanza rwabaye hagati ya sosiyete Diétal na Madame X wari umukozi wa yo, aho rwasanze, kuba urubanza rwaciwe na “Conseil de Prud’hommes de Riom” ku wa 09/03/2000 n’urwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwa Riom ku bujurire bw’urundi rubanza, zitakijuririrwa (non susceptibles de recours ordinaire) nyamara zivuguruzanya ku birebana niba ku wa 16/10/1195 Madame X yari cyangwa atari akiri umukozi wa Dietal, ko hari ivuguruzanya ryimanza, ruvanaho urubanza rwaciwe na “Conseil de Prud’hommes de Riom”, rwohereza urubanza muri “Conseil de Prud’hommes de Clement-Ferrant”[3]. Uyu murongo kandi niwo wemezwa n’abahanga mu mategeko bavuga ko imanza zivuguruzanya ari imanza zitagishoboye kujuririrwa[4] kandi ibyemezo byafashwe bikaba bidashobora kurangizwa icyarimwe hatabayeho kuvuguruzanya (décisions inconciliables)[5].

[21]          Ku bijyanye n’impamvu z’iyakira ry’ikirego ku ivuguruzanya ry’imanza, Urukiko rurasanga ntaho biteganyijwe mu mpamvu z’iyakira ry’ibirego ziteganyijwe mu ngingo ya 21 y’Itegeko no 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, icyakora iyo ngingo, mu gika cyayo cya mbere, agace ka mbere, iteganya ko ikirego kidashobora kwakirwa mu Rukiko iyo kitari mu bubasha bwarwo. Ku bijyanye n’ibirego bisaba gusuzuma ivuguruzanya hagati y’imanza, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rukaba rwaratanze umurongo w’uko “ububasha bw‘Urukiko, budakwiye kureberwa igihe imanza zaciriwe, ahubwo bugomba kureberwa igihe Urukiko rwaregewe”,[6] bityo n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rukaba rusanga n’izindi mpamvu zose zatuma ikirego cyakirwa cyangwa kitakirwa zikwiye kurebwa igihe Urukiko rwaregewe.

[22]          Urukiko rurasanga ikirego kigamije gusaba gukemura ivuguruzanya hagati y’imanza, ku munsi cyaregewe, kigomba kuba cyujuje icyarimwe ibintu bitatu by’ingenzi (conditions cumulatives essentielles) aribyo:

a) Kuba imanza bivugwa ko zivuguruzanya zarabaye ndakuka kabone nubwo zaba zitaraciwe n’Urukiko rumwe cyangwa n’inkiko ziri ku rwego rumwe[7];

b) Kuba izo manza zaraciwe ku kiburanwa gifite kamere imwe cyangwa ku kibazo kimwe cy’ibyabaye cyangwa icy’amategeko (même question de fait ou de droit);

c) Kuba umwanzuro wafashwe mu rubanza rumwe uhabanye n’uwafashwe mu rundi rubanza ku buryo bigaragarira buri wese ko ibyemezo byombi bidashobora kurangizwa hatabayeho ivuguruzanya hagati yabyo (décisions inconciliables)[8].

[23]          Urukiko rurasanga, kuba imanza ziregerwa kuvuguruzanya zigomba kuba zarabaye ndakuka, ari kimwe mu bisabwa kugira ngo ikirego cyakirwe (condition de recevabilité) kuko, mu gihe urubanza rutaraba ndakuka, icyemezo cyarufashwemo gishobora guhindurwa hakoreshejwe izindi nzira z’ubujurire bityo bigakuraho impamvu (l’objet) y’ikirego ku ivuguruzanya. Ibi bikaba bishimangirwa n’umuhanga mu mategeko Dr Francois Boucard uvuga ko imanza ziregerwa kuba zivuguruzanya zigomba kuba zitagishobora kujuririrwa (non susceptibles de recours ordinaire) kandi ko iyi ari mpamvu isuzumwa mu kwakira ikirego mbere yo gusuzuma ko imanza ubwazo zivuguruzanya[9].

[24]          Ku birebana n’uru rubanza, Urukiko rurasanga MININTCO ® Ltd nayo ubwayo yivugira ko, itanga ikirego mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga, urubanza no RCOMA 00236/2017/CHC/HCC rwari rutaraba ndakuka kuko rwari rutegereje kuburanishwa mu bujurire, bikaba bitumvikana uburyo yatanze ikirego ku ivuguruzanya hagati y’imanza kandi hari gusa urubanza rumwe rwabaye ndakuka arirwo no RCOMA 00194/2016/CHC/HCC.

[25]          Urukiko rurasanga n’ibyo MININTCO ® Ltd ivuga ko ibijyanye n’iyakirwa ry’ikirego bidakwiye kugarukwaho kuko byafashweho umurongo na Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu cyemezo no 025/2018 cyo ku wa 29/01/2018 nta shingiro bifite, kuko icyo cyemezo cyafashwe ku itakamba ryari ryakozwe na DRESOCECO Ltd kuko Umwanditsi Mukuru w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga yari yafashe icyemezo cyanga kwakira ubujurire bw’urubanza no RCOMA 00236/2017/CHC/HCC, byongeye kandi uru narwo rukaba rwari rutaraba ndakuka ku buryo rwashingirwaho mu gusaba gusuma ivuguruzanya ry’imanza.

[26]          Urukiko rurasanga imiburanire ya MININTCO ® Ltd ivuga ko urubanza RCOMAA 00086/2018/CA yaburanye na DRESOCECO Ltd rwaciwe ku bujurire bw’urubanza RCOMA 0236/2017/CHC/HCC ko narwo ruvuguruzanya n’urubanza RCOMA 00194/2016/CHC/HCC yaburanye na UNITEX Rwanda Ltd, nta shingiro ifite, kuko iyakirwa ry’iki kirego rireberwa ku munsi cyatanzweho nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, aho kuba ku munsi w’iburanisha.

[27]          Urukiko rurasanga, kuba imanza zaregewe ko zivuguruzanya, rumwe muri izo rwari rutaraba ndakuka, bituma iki kirego kitakirwa kuko kitujuje ibisabwa nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru.

B. Ku birebana n’indishyi z’ikurikirana rubanza

[28]          UNITEX RWANDA Ltd iburanirwa na Me RUTEMBESA Phocas yasabye ko MININTCO®Ltd yategekwa kuyiha 2.000.000 Frw y’ikurikirana rubanza. Mu mwanzuro wa DRESOCECO Ltd, n’ubwo ititabiriye iburanisha, yari yasabye ko yagenerwa indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza nta mpamvu zingana na 3.000.000 Frw n’igihembo cya Avoka cya 500.000 Frw.

[29]          Ku bijyanye n’indishyi zisabwa, Me NSENGUMUREMYI Cyridion avuga ko nta muntu MININTCO®Ltd yigeze irega muri uru rubanza, ko ahubwo yaregeye uburenganzira bwayo, abandi ngo bakaba barahamagajwe mu rubanza kurengera inyungu zabo, ibyo ngo MININTCO®Ltd ikaba itabitangira indishyi.

 UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA

[30]          Urukiko rurasanga, nubwo MININTCO®Ltd yakoresheje uburenganzira bwayo bwo kuregera ivuguruzanya ry’imanza, nyamara nayo ubwayo yarizi neza ko iki kirego kidashobora gukemurwa abarebwa n’imanza yaregeye badahamagajwe ngo bisobanure. Rurasanga kuba ikirego MININTCO®Ltd yatanze kitakiriwe, ibyo bitabuza abandi baburanyi uburenganzira ku ndishyi z’ikurikirana rubanza nk’uko biteganywa mu ngingo ya 111 y’Itegeko n° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko ‘’ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ari ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe’’.

[31]          Urukiko rurasanga ingingo ya 34 y’Amabwiriza n° 01/2014 yo ku wa 18/07/2014 agena ibihembo mbonera by’Abavoka iteganya ko Avoka afite uburenganzira bwo kugena igihembo ashyize mu gaciro ariko kitari munsi ya 500.000 Frw kandi kitarenze 3.000.000 Frw. Naho ingingo ya 33 y’aya mabwiriza ikavuga ko mu bujurire Avoka w’urega n’uw’uregwa bafite uburenganzira kuri kimwe cya kabiri cy’igihembo cyumvikanyweho ku rwego rwa mbere.

[32]          Urukiko rurasanga, hakurikijwe imirimo yakozwe kuri uru rubanza rwavuye mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire rukoherezwa mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga, rugasubizwa mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, UNITEX RWANDA Ltd yahagarariwe na Avoka kuri izo ntera zose ikwiye amafaranga 1.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka.

[33]          Urukiko rurasanga, n’ubwo DRESOCECO Ltd ititabiriye iburanisha ariko bigaragara ko yashatse Avoka uyiburanira, uyu akaba yarakoze imyanzuro iboneka muri dosiye, bityo ikaba igomba guhabwa igihembo cya Avoka kingana na 500.000Frw.

III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO

[34]          Rwemeje ko ikirego n^o RCOM 00001/2019/CA cyatanzwe na MININTCO®Ltd kitakiriwe.

[35]           Rutegetse MININTCO®Ltd guha UNITEX RWANDA Ltd amafaranga miliyoni imwe (1.000.000) y’igihembo cya Avoka.

[36]          Rutegetse MININTCO®Ltd guha DRESOCECO Ltd amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000) y’igihembo cya Avoka.

[37]          Rutegetse ko ingwate y’amagarama yatanzwe ihera mu isanduku ya Leta kuko ihwanye n’ibyakozwe muri uru rubanza.