Urukiko rw’Ubujurire

ENTREPRISE DE CONSTRUCTION SEBURIKOKO v. BIA OVERSEAS SA

[Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RCOMAA 00033/2019/CA (Mukandamage, P.J.) 13 Ugushyingo 2020]

Amategeko agenga imanza z’ubucuruzi – Amasezerano – Amasezerano yateganyije inkiko zifite ububasha – Igihe inkiko z’u Rwanda zaregerwa hashingiwe ku masezerano – Mu gihe impande zombi mu masezerano zemeranyijwe ko ikibazo cyavuka cyizakemurwa n’inkiko zo mu mahanga cyagwa izindi zose, ntibibuza kuregera inkiko z’u Rwanda mu gihe uregwa ari naho atuye.

Amategeko agenga imanza z’ubucuruzi – Amategeko – Ibimenyetso by’ubwishyu – Mu masezerano, urega uvuga ko umwishingizi yishyuye ku buryo byakuraho inshingano ze agomba kubigaragaza, iyo bitabaye inshingano ze zo kwishyura zigumaho kuko aba atatanze ibimenyetso by’ibyo aregera – Itegeko nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 12, igika cya mbere.

Incamake y’ikibazo: BIA OVERSEAS SA yareze mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi Entreprise de Construction Seburikoko isaba kwishyurwa amafaranga y’inguzanyo yari yayigurije ahwanye na 2.076.511,75 Euros. Urukiko rwemeje ko Entreprise de Construction Seburikoko igomba kwishyura umwanda yarezwe.

Entreprise de Construction Seburikoko yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ivuga ko BIA OVERSEAS SA itagombaga kuyirega mu nkiko z’u Rwanda kuko bari barumvikanye ko ikibazo kizakemurwa n’inkiko zo mu Bubiligi, ko kandi BIA OVERSEAS SA yamaze kugana umwishingizi wayo kugira ngo amwishyure. Urukiko nyuma yo gusuzuma amasezerano impande zombi zagiranye rwemeje ko inkiko zo mu Rwanda zifite ububasha ikibazo cyavutse rutegeka ko urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rudahindutse.

Entreprise de Construction Seburikoko yongeye ijuririra Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ivuga ko Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Nyarugenge nta bubasha rwari rufite rwo kuburanisha urubanza hashingiwe ku masezerano impande zombi zagiranye. Yongeye ivuga ko BIA OVERSEAS ishaka kwishyurwa kabiri, kuko umwenda yishyuza yawishyuje sosiyete y’ubwishingizi yawishingiye.

BIA OVERSEAS SA yireguye ivuga ko n’ubwo amasezerano mu ngingo yayo ya 14 avuga ko ikibazo kizavuka kizakemurwa n’inkiko zo mu Bubiligi ariko yakomeje avuga ko gishobora gukemurwa n’izindi nkiko zibifitiye ububasha kandi izo mu Rwanda zikaba zibufite kuko Entreprise de Construction Seburikoko ariho ibarizwa kandi n’amasezerano akaba ariho yarangirijwe.

Kubijyanye n’ubwishyu bw’umwishingizi, BIA OVERSEAS SA yireguye ivuga ko itishyuwe ko niba byaranabaye Entreprise de Construction Seburikoko yabitangira ibimenyetso.

Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Nyarugenge rw’aho uregwa atuye nirwo rwari rufite ububasha ku rwego rwa mbere rwo kuburanisha uru rubanza, bikumvikana rero ko muri icyo gihe rwagombaga gukurikiza amategeko y’u Rwanda.

2. Umuburanyi uvuga ko hari umwishingizi wishyuye umwenda aregwa mu rubanza nta kimenyetso abitangira aba agomba kwishyura ku giti cye. Bityo, Entreprise Seburikoko igomba kwishyura umwenda ifitiye  ikaba igomba kuwishyura BIA OVERSEAS SA umwenda iyifitiye nk’uko byemejwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi.

 Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite.

Urubanza nº RCOMA 00760/2017/CHC/HCC rwaciwe ku wa 31/05/2018 n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rugumanye agaciro mu ngingo zarwo zose.

Amagarama ahwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza.

Amategeko yashingiweho:

Itegeko nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 12, igika cya mbere.

Itegeko nº 45/2011 ryo ku wa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano, ingingo ya 66.

Itegeko Ngenga nº 51/2008 rigena imiterere n’imikorere n’ububasha by’inkiko nk’uko ryahinduwe, ingingo ya 121, igika cya 1.

Nta manza zifashishijwe.

Urubanza

I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA

[1]              Mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Nyarugenge, BIA OVERSEAS SA yareze Entreprise de Construction Seburikoko Niyomwungeri Emmanuel, isaba ko yategekwa kubahiriza amasezerano bagiranye ku wa 09/10/2013, aho yayihaye umwenda uhwanye na 2.076.511,75 Euros yishyuwe ibikoresho yaguze byo kubaka imihanda y’isoko yari yaratsindiye.

[2]              Ku wa 21/08/2017, urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza nº RCOM 00676/2017/TC/NYGE, rwemeza ko ikirego cyatanzwe na BIA OVERSEAS SA gifite ishingiro, ko Entreprise de Construction Seburikoko Niyomwungeri Emmanuel igomba kwishyura 2.076.511.75 Euros y’umwenda remezo ibereyemo BIA OVERSEAS SA, 840.000 Frw y’inyungu z’ubukererwe, na 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka.

[3]              Entreprise de Construction Seburikoko Niyomwungeri Emmanuel yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, ivuga ko yagaragarije Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi ko nta bubasha rufite bwo kuburanisha urubanza, ariko ntirwabiha agaciro, ko kandi BIA OVERSEAS SA nta kindi yagombaga kuyishyuza mu gihe yari imaze kugana umwishingizi wayo ngo yishyurwe.

[4]              Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwaciye urubanza nº RCOMA 00760/2017/CHC/HCC ku wa 31/05/2018, rwemeza ko ubujurire bwa Entreprise de Construction Seburikoko Niyomwungeri Emmanuel nta shingiro bufite, ko imikirize y’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Nyarugenge idahindutse, ruyitegeka kwishyura BIA OVERSEAS 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka mu bujurire.

[5]              Enteprise de Construction Seburikoko Niyomwungeri Emmanuel yongeye kujuririra Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, ivuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwasesenguye nabi ingingo ya 14 y’amasezerano yagiranye na BIA OVERSEAS SA, maze rwemeza ko Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Nyarugenge rwari rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha uru rubanza, kandi atari byo, ko kandi BIA OVERSEAS ishaka kwishyurwa kabiri, kuko umwenda yishyuza yawishyuje sosiyete y’ubwishingizi yawishingiye.

[6]              Uhagarariye BIA OVERSEAS SA yatanze inzitizi yo kutakira ubwo bujurire ku mpamvu y’uko Entreprise de Construction Seburikoko Niyomwungeri Emmanuel yajuriye ibihe byo kujurira biteganywa n’amategeko byararenze, n’iy’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ishingiye ku mpamvu y’uko Entreprise de Construction Seburikoko Niyomwungeri Emmanuel yatsinzwe ku rwego rwa mbere n’urwa kabiri hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe.

[7]              Ku wa 27/12/2019, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwafashe icyemezo kuri izo nzitizi, rwemeza ko nta shingiro zifite, rutegeka ko iburanisha rw’urubanza mu mizi rikomeza. Urubanza rwaburanishijwe ku wa 28/09/2020, Entreprise de Construction Seburikoko Niyomwungeri Emmanuel ihagarariwe na Me Rwagatare Janvier, naho BIA OVERSEAS SA ihagarariwe na Me Buzayire Angèle.

II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYABYO

a. Kumenya niba inkiko zabanje zaraciye urubanza zidafite ububasha

[8]              Me Rwagatare Janvier, avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwasesenguye nabi ingingo ya 14 y’amasezerano Entreprise de Construction Seburikoko Niyomwungeri Emmanuel yagiranye na BIA OVERSEAS SA, ko iyo ngingo isobanura neza ko mu gihe hazavuka impaka, zizakemurwa n’Urukiko rwo mu Bubiligi, ko rero inkiko zo mu Bubiligi arizo zifite ububasha bwo gukemura ikibazo cyavutse hagati ya BIA OVERSEAS SA na Entreprise Seburikoko Niyomwungeri Emmanuel gikomoka ku masezerano bagiranye, zikagikemura zikoresheje amategeko yo mu Bubiligi, kuko inkiko z’u Rwanda nta bubasha zifite bwo gukoresha amategeko yo mu Bubiligi.

[9]              Akomeza avuga ko iyo ngingo ya 14 y’amasezerano itagombye gushidikanywaho, kuko isobanutse, ikaba iteganya ko hagati y’impande zombi haramutse havutse ikibazo, amategeko azagenderwaho (droit applicable) ari ayo mu Bubiligi (droit belge) ndetse ko n’Inkiko zizitabazwa ari Inkiko z’Ubucuruzi zo mu Bubiligi, uhereye ku Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rw’i Bruxelles, ariko ko ugurisha (vendeur) ashobora kujyana ikibazo mu rundi Rukiko rubifitiye ububasha, ariko mu Bubiligi.

[10]          Me Buzayire Angèle avuga ko inkiko zo mu Rwanda nazo zifite ububasha bwo kuburanisha uru rubanza, kuko mu ngingo ya 14 y’amasezerano BIA OVERSEAS SA yagiranye na Entreprise de Construction Seburikoko Niyomwungeri Emmanuel, ihame ari uko igihe havutse impaka amategeko yo mu Bubiligi ariyo akurikizwa, ariko ko Me Rwagatare Janvier yirengagiza ko muri iyo ngingo harimo ijambo “toutefois” rishatse kuvuga ko ariko n’nkiko izo arizo zose zibifitiye ububasha zishobora kwitabazwa.

[11]          Avuga na none ko Me Rwagatare Janvier yirengagiza ko amasezerano yose yarangirijwe mu Rwanda, kuko ibintu byose byahawe Entreprise de Construction Seburikoko Niyomwungeri Emmanuel byazaga gukoreshwa mu Rwanda, bityo ko BIA OVERSEAS SA itari kurega mu Bubiligi kandi Entreprise de Construction Seburikoko Niyomwungeri Emmanuel irega ikorera mu Rwanda, ari naho amasezerano yarangirijwe, ari nayo mpamvu mu masezerano bashyizemo ijambo “toutefois”.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA

[12]          Ingingo ya 66 y’Itegeko nº 45/2011 ryo ku wa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano, iteganya ko “Gusesengura amasezerano cyangwa imwe mu ngingo zayo, ni ugusobanura icyo ayo masezerano agamije n’icyasezeranyijwe”.

[13]          Nk’uko bigaragara mu rubanza nº RCOMA 00760/2017/CHC/HCC rwajuririwe, Urukiko Rukuru rw’ubucuruzi rwasesenguye ingingo ya 14, igika cya 2 y’amasezerano ya conditions générales de vente de BIA OVERSEAS SA/NV, rusanga uwagurishije n’uwaguze baremeranyijwe ko inkiko zo mu Bubiligi ari zo zizakemura ibibazo bizavuka hagati yabo, ariko bakabanza kuregera Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rw’i Buruseli, ko uwagurishije ari we BIA OVERSEAS SA/NV yiteganyirije uburenganzira bwo kuba yanaregera urundi Rukiko, urwo ari rwo rwose rufite ububasha, bitari gusa inkiko zo mu Bubirigi, ko rero ishingiye kuri ubwo burenganzira, BIA OVERSEAS yahisemo kuregera mu rwego rwa mbere Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Nyarugenge rw’aho Entreprise de Construction Seburikoko Niyomwungeri Emmanuel iregwa ibarizwa.

[14]          Urukiko Rukuru rw’ubucuruzi rwasanze rero Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Nyarugenge rwari rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha urubanza, rubishimangiza ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 121, igika cya 1 y’Itegeko Ngenga nº 51/2008 rigena imiterere n’imikorere n’ububasha by’inkiko nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza igihe urubanza rwacibwaga, iteganya ko uretse mu gihe andi mategeko abiteganya ukundi, Urukiko rw’aho uregwa atuye, ari rwo rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha urubanza.

[15]          Uru rukiko narwo rurasanga muri iyo ngingo ya 14, impande zombi zumvikanye ko ikibazo cyose cyavuka hagati y’ugurisha n’ugura cyakemurwa n’inkiko zo mu gihugu cy’Ububiligi, haherewe ku Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rw’i Buruseli^[1], ariko zongeramo ko  ugurisha (le vendeur) yizigamiye uburenganzira bwo kuregera urundi rukiko rufite ububasha^[2].

[16]          Urukiko rurasanga iby’uko urundi rukiko ruvugwa muri iyo ngingo ari urwo mu Bubiligi gusa nta shingiro bifite, kuko n’ubundi impande zombi zari zamaze kuvuga ko inkiko  zo muri icyo gihugu ari zo zizaregera, haherewe ku Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rw’i Buruseli,  zigashobora no kuba zaregera izindi zo muri icyo gihugu, bikaba rero byumvikana ko urundi rukiko ruvugwa ari ururi ahandi hatari mu Bubiligi.

[17]          Urukiko rurasanga rero, nk’uko n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwabisobanuye, n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Nyarugenge rw’aho uregwa atuye, rwari rufite ububasha ku rwego rwa mbere rwo kuburanisha uru rubanza, bikumvikana rero ko muri icyo gihe rwagombaga gukurikiza amategeko y’u Rwanda.

[18]          Urukiko rurasanga, rushingiye ku ngingo ya 66 y’Itegeko nº 45/2011 ryo ku wa 25/11/2011 ryavuzwe haruguru no ku bisobanuro bimaze gutangwa, ubujurire bwatanzwe na Entreprise de Construction SEBURIKOKO Niyomwungeri Emmanuel nta shingiro bufite.

b. Kumenya niba umwenda BIA OVERSEAS SA yishyuza Entreprise de Construction SEBURIKOKO Niyomwungeri Emmanuel, waramaze kwishyurwa n’umwishingizi 

[19]          Me Rwagatare Janvier avuga ko BIA OVERSEAS SA yishyuza Entreprise de Construction Seburikoko Niyomwungeri Emmanuel kandi umwishingizi wishingiye umwenda yarishyuye, BIA OVERSEAS SA ikaba ishaka kwishyurwa kabiri, ko ibyo abishingira ku kuba Entreprise de Construction Seburikoko Niyomwungeri Emmanuel yarandikiye umwishingizi imusaba ko yakwishyura, ariko ko atazi niba yarishyuye.

[20]          Me Buzayire Angèle avuga ko urega ariwe ugaragaza ibimenyetso by’ibyo aregera, ariko ko Entreprise de Construction Seburikoko Niyomwungeri Emmanuel itagaragaza aho iyo sosite y’ubwishingizi yishyuriye.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA

[21]          Ingingo ya 12, igika cya mbere, y’Itegeko nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko “Urega agomba kugaragaza ibimenyetso by’ibyo aregera. Iyo abibuze, uwarezwe aratsinda“, iyo ngingo ikaba ihura n’iya 3 y’Itegeko nº 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo iteganya ko “Buri muburanyi agomba kugaragaza ukuri kw’ibyo aburana (...).

[22]          Urukiko rurasanga ibyo uburanira Entreprise de Construction Seburikoko Niyomwungeri Emmanuel avuga ko hari umwishingizi wishyuye umwenda iregwa muri uru rubanza na BIA OVERSEAS SA nta kimenyetso ibitangira, bityo ikaba igomba kuwishyura nk’uko byemejwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi.

[23]          Urukiko rurasanga rero no kuri iyi mpamvu, ubujurire bwa Entreprise de Construction Seburikoko Niyomwungeri Emmanuel nta shingiro bufite. 

III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO

[24]          Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Entreprise de Construction Seburikoko Niyomwungeri Emmanuel nta shingiro bufite;

[25]          Rwemeje ko urubanza nº RCOMA 00760/2017/CHC/HCC rwaciwe ku wa 31/05/2018 n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rugumanye agaciro mu ngingo zarwo zose;

[26]          Ruvuze ko amagarama yatanzwe na Entreprise de Construction Seburikoko Niyomwungeri Emmanuel ijurira ahwanye n’ibyakozwe muri uru rubanza.