Urukiko rw’Ubujurire

UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NDAYIZEYE

[Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00389/2021/CA (Mukamurenzi, P.J.) 16 Nzeli 2022]

Amategekoagenga imiburanishirize y’imanza nshinjyabyaha  – Ubutabera buboneye  – Gutanga ibihano – Mu rwego rwo gutanga ubutabera buboneye harimo guhuza uburemere bw’icyaha n’inyungu z’igihano ku muntu ugihawe ntacyabuza ko umucamanza agabanya igihano kugera munsi y’igihano gito (minimum) giteganywa n’itegeko mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha.

Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi, Ubushinjacyaha bukurikiranye uregwa ku cyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka 10 y’amavuko witwa G.Y. Buvuga ko yakoraga akazi ko kwahirira amatungo mu rugo rwa sekuru wa G.Y., ko yabonye uyu shebuja hamwe n’umufasha we bagiye gusenga, ashukashuka uwo mwana aramusambanya, batashye umwana ababwira uko byagenze. Uregwa yaburanye yemera icyaha akurikiranweho asaba imbabazi. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko uregwa ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu.

Uregwa yajuririye imikirize y’urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru-Urugereko rwa Rusizi asaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano kubera ko kuva afatwa kugeza ubwo yaburanaga ku rwego rwa mbere yemeye icyaha agisabira imbabazi ariko ntibyahabwa agaciro. Urwo Rukiko rwemeje ko ubujurire bwe bufite ishingiro, ko hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zatuma agabanyirizwa igihano; rugabanya igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu yari yahanishijwe, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25.

Uregwa yajuririye na none Urukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko yaburanye yemera icyaha ariko ahanishwa ibihano biremereye, ko asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kubera ko akomeje gusaba imbabazi ku bw’icyaha yakoze cyo gushukashuka umwana G.Y akamusambanya.

Ubushinjacyaha bwo bwaburanye buvuga ko uregwa yajuriye ataramenya ko yagabanyirijwe igihano kikava ku gifungo cya burundu kikagera ku gifungo cy’imyaka 25, kuko Urukiko Rukuru rwamugabanyirije igihano kuko yemeye icyaha, akaba atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kubera iyo mpamvu kuko cyagabanyijwe bihagije.

Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Mu rwego rwo gutanga ubutabera buboneye harimo guhuza uburemere bw’icyaha n’inyungu z’igihano ku muntu ugihawe ntacyabuza ko umucamanza agabanya igihano kugera munsi y’igihano gito (minimum) giteganywa n’itegeko mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, bityo nta cyabuza kongera kugabanyiriza Ndayizeye igihano cy’imyaka 25 yari yahawe, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15).

Urubanza ruhindutse gusa ku byerekeranye n’igihano.

Amategeko yashingiweho:

Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, Ingingo ya 49, igika cya mbere n’iya 58.

Imanza zifashishijwe:

Ubushinjacyaha v. Nzafashwanimana, RPAA 00032/2019/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/02/2020.

Ubushinjacyaha v. Nahimana, RPAA 00314/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rw’Ubujurire ku wa 29/06/2022.

Ubushinjacyaha v. Shakabatenda RPAA 00039/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rw’Ubujurire ku wa 02/07/2021.

Ubushinjacyaha v. Abayisenga, RPAA 00291/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/04/2022.

Urubanza

                                                                                                           I.            IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA

[1]                Urubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi, Ubushinjacyaha burega Ndayizeye Maurice icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana umwana w’imyaka 10 y’amavuko witwa G.Y. Buvuga ko ku itariki ya 03/04/2019 ari mu Mudugudu wa Gahurubuka, Akagari ka Kigenge, Umurenge wa Giheke aho yakoraga akazi ko kwahirira amatungo mu rugo rwa Dushimirimana Dismas sekuru wa G.Y., ko yabonye uyu shebuja hamwe n’umufashe we bagiye gusenga, ashukashuka uwo mwana aramusambanya, batashye umwana ababwira uko byagenze. Ndayizeye Maurice yaburanye yemera icyaha akurikiranweho asaba imbabazi.

[2]               Mu rubanza RP 00096/2019/TGI/RSZ rwaciwe ku wa 13/05/2019, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi rwemeje ko Ndayizeye Maurice ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu. Ibimenyetso rwashingiyeho birimo imvugo ze yemera icyaha, iz’umutangabuhamya na raporo ya muganga igaragaza ibimenyetso byo gusambanywa.

[3]               Ndayizeye Maurice yajuririye imikirize y’urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru-Urugereko rwa Rusizi asaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano kubera ko kuva afatwa kugeza ubwo yaburanaga ku rwego rwa mbere yemeye icyaha agisabira imbabazi ariko ntibyahabwa agaciro, rukiko rumuhanisha igihano kiremereye. Mu rubanza RP 00007/2019/HC/RSZ rwaciwe ku wa 14/10/2020, Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko ubujurire bwe bufite ishingiro, ko hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zatuma agabanyirizwa igihano; rugabanya igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu yari yahanishijwe, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25.

[4]               Ndayizeye Maurice yajuririye na none iyo mikirize y’urubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko yaburanye yemera icyaha ariko ahanishwa ibihano biremereye, ko asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kubera ko akomeje gusaba imbabazi ku bw’icyaha yakoze cyo gushukashuka umwana G.Y akamusambanya.

[5]               Uhagarariye ubushinjacyaha avuga ko basanga Ndayizeye Maurice yarajuriye ataramenya ko yagabanyirijwe igihano kikava ku gifungo cya burundu kikagera ku gifungo cy’imyaka 25, kuko Urukiko Rukuru rushingiye ku rubanza RS/INCONST/SPEC 00003/2019/SC rwaciwe ku wa 04/12/2019 rwamugabanyirije igihano nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 60 agace kayo ka mbere y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange kuko yemeye icyaha, akaba atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kubera iyo mpamvu kuko cyagabanyijwe bihagije.

[6]               Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 05/09/2022, Ndayizeye Maurice yunganiwe na Me Ntazika Néhémie, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Buhyoye Grace, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. Iburanisha ripfundikiwe ababuranyi bamenyeshejwe ko urubanza ruzasomwa kuwa 16/09/2022.

                                  II.            IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYACYO

▪  Kumenya niba Ndayizeye Maurice yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano yahawe.

[7]               Ndayizeye Maurice avuga ko asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko yahereye mu Bushinjacyaha yemera icyaha, aburana mu rukiko nabwo ntiyagorana yemera icyaha agisabira imbabazi ariko ahabwa igihano kirekire kandi akiri muto, ko atazakirangiza ngo agire icyo yimarira.

[8]               Me Ntazika Néhémie umwunganira avuga ko n’ubwo Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi rwamugabanyirije igihano rumuhanisha igihano cy’imyaka 25 y’igifungo, iyo urebye icyo gihano usanga n’ubundi kiremereye cyane hagendewe ku bigomba kugenderwaho n’umucamanza mu kugena igihano birimo kuba aribwo bwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha n’inzego z’ubutabera, bisobanuye ko asanzwe yitwara neza kandi kuba atarigeze arushya ubutabera kuva agifatwa kugeza n’ubu, bigaragaza kwicuza no guhinduka, ko nk’uko bigaragazwa na raporo ya Muganga hakaba nta ngaruka zikomeye icyaha cyateye kubera ko no mu mvugo ze asobanura ko atinjije igitsina mu cy’umwana.

[9]               Asaba ko urukiko rwazashingira ku rubanza RS/INCONST/SPEC 00003/2019/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 4/12/2019 haburanaga Kabasinga Florida , ku rubanza RPAA 00394/2020/CA, rwaciwe kuwa 27/04/2022 haburana Nteziryayo Niyonsenga n’Ubushinjacyaha, aho mu gika cya 17 urukiko rwagarutse ku rubanza RPAA 00116/2020/CA Ubushinjacyaha bwaburanaga na Mbarushimana Janvier rwaciwe ku wa 18/6/2021; urubanza RPAA 00032/2019/CA rwo ku wa 28/02/2020 rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Nzafashwanimana Jean de Dieu, Ndayizeye Maurice, Ndayizeye Maurice akagabanyirizwa igihano, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi (10).

[10]           Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Ndayizeye Maurice atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku kwemera icyaha kwe kuko yagabanyirijwe bikurikije amategeko. Akomeza avuga ko urubanza avuga rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ntacyo rwafasha kuko icyo rwaje kugaragaza ari uko nta cyaha na kimwe kidakwiye kugabanyirizwa igihano, urwo rubanza rero rukaba rwarashingiweho agabanyirizwa igihano naho ibyerekeranye n’imanza zaciwe n’uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire ibirimo bikaba ari bimwe n’ibyashingiweho n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi aho rwashingiye ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo kuwa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rumugabanyiriza igihano, ahanishwa igihano gito cyateganyijwe n’itegeko ku cyaha cyo gusambanya umwana uri munsi y’imyaka 14 y’amavuko.

[11]           Anavuga ko ibyo bavuga ko icyaha nta ngaruka cyateje n’uko atagabanyirijwe igihano ntacyo yazimarira aramutse atashye nta gaciro byahabwa kuko ingaruka zo gusambanya umwana zo zihari kandi ziremereye, ikindi kandi igihano yahanishijwe cyashyizweho kubera impamvu, kuba yaragihanishijwe kigabanyijwe nta mpamvu yakongera gusaba ko kigabanywa.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA

[12]           Ingingo ya 49, igika cya mbere y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko “Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uburemere bw'icyaha, ingaruka icyaha cyateye, impamvu zatumye agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye bwite n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo.”

[13]           Ingingo ya 58, igika cya mbere, y’iryo Tegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko “Umucamanza ubwe ni we ugena niba impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemezwa n’umucamanza zahabwa agaciro’’.

[14]           Mu bujurire bwe Ndayizeye Maurice asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko icyo yahawe kiremereye kandi yaremeye icyaha atagoranye kuva afatwa kugera aburana mu rukiko, izindi mpamvu atanga zashingirwaho agabanyirizwa igihano akaba ariko akiri muto n’uko nta ngaruka zikomeye icyaha cyateje. Umwunganira agaragaza imanza zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ndetse n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire zashingirwaho agabanyirizwa igihano.

[15]           Urukiko rusanga, nk’uko Ubushinjacyaha bwabyibukije, Urukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwa Rusizi rushingiye ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza RS/INCONST/SPEC 00003/2019/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 04/12/2019 rwaragabanyirije Ndayizeye Maurice igifungo cya burundu yari yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) kubera kwemera icyaha ku buryo budashidikanywaho. Icyo gihano Urukiko Rukuru rukaba rwarakigennye rushingiye ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya uburyo butayegayezwa bwo kugabanya igihano iyo hari impamvu nyororoshyacyaha.

[16]           Urukiko rusanga icyaha Ndayizeye Maurice yakoze cyo gusambanya umwana ufite imyaka icumi (10) y’amavuko gifite uburemere bukomeye, ari nayo mpamvu umushingamategeko yagiteganyirije ibihano biremereye. Rusanga ariko mu rubanza rwavuzwe, kimwe no mu rubanza nº RS/INCONST/SPEC 00005/2020/CS - RS/INCONST/SPEC 00006/2020/CS rwaciwe ku wa 12/02/2020, haburana Kabasinga Florida na Niyomugabo Ntakirutimana, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwarasobanuye ko Umucamanza afite inshingano yo guhanisha uwahamwe n’icyaha igihano gikwiye, akurikije uburemere bw’icyaha, ingaruka icyaha cyateye, impamvu zatumye agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye bwite n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru.

[17]           Ibyo Me Ntazika Néhémie asaba ko Ndayizeye Maurice yagabanyirizwa igihano kubera ko nta ngaruka icyaha cyateje, nta shingiro bifite kuko ingaruka zo gukora ishimishamubiri ku mwana zirahari kandi zikomeye haba mu mitekerereze ye no ku mubiri we kuko n’ubwo akarangabusugi k’umwana ntacyo kabaye ariko umuganga yagaragaje ibimenyetso by’uko yagerageje kumusambanya kandi na Ndayizeye Maurice yivugira ko yashyizemo igitsina cye cyanga kwinjira arabireka.

[18]           Urukiko rusanga Ndayizeye Maurice yaragabanyirijwe igihano hashingiwe ku kuba yaremeye icyaha ku buryo budashidikanywaho kandi no mu miburanire ye muri uru Rukiko yakomeje kugaragaza ukwicuza ku bw’icyaha yakoze. Hatirengagijwe uburemere bw’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka 10 cyakozwe, Urukiko rusanga mu kugena igihano Ndayizeye Maurice yahanishijwe kubera kwemera icyaha, haragombaga no kurebwa ko yagikoze afite imyaka 21 y’amavuko ari bwo akiva mu bwana ari mu kigero kirangwa n’ubushishozi buke, hakanarebwa ko ari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe n’inkiko nabyo bikamubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zituma ahabwa igihano gituma ashobora kugororwa akazasubira mu buzima busanzwe hari icyo ashobora gukora nk’uko byasobanuwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza no RS/INJUST/RP 00003/2019/SC rwaciwe ku wa 28 Mutarama 2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Niyonsaba Eric.

[19]           Urukiko rusanga rero mu rwego rwo gutanga ubutabera buboneye harimo guhuza uburemere bw’icyaha n’inyungu z’igihano ku muntu ugihawe, runashingiye ku manzazitandukanye zaciwe n’uru Rukiko[1], aho rwasanze ntacyabuza ko umucamanza agabanya igihano kugera munsi y’igihano gito (minimum) giteganywa n’itegeko mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, nta cyabuza kongera kugabanyiriza Ndayizeye Maurice igihano cy’imyaka 25 yari yahawe, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15).

                                                                                                    III.             ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO

[20]           Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Ndayizeye Maurice nta shingiro bufite.

[21]           Rwemeje ko urubanza rwajuririwe ruhindutse gusa ku byerekeranye n’igihano.

[22]           Ruhanishije Ndayizeye Maurice igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15).

[23]           Ruvuze ko asonerwa amagarama y’urubanza kuko aburana afunze.