Urukiko rw’Ubujurire

UBUSHINJACYAHA v BAHATI

[Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00031/2021/CA (Gakwaya, P.J.) 28 Ukwakira 2021]

Amategeko nshinjabyaha – Itegeko risobanura irindi – Ihame ryo kudasubira inyuma kw’itegeko – Irengayobora ry’ihame ryo kudasubira inyuma (exception au principe de la non rétroactivité) – Itegeko risobanura irindi rifatwa nk’igice cy’itegeko risobanura, bivuze ko itegeko risobanura irindi risubira inyuma (effet rétroactif), rigakurizwa ku va umunsi itegeko ryasobanuwe ryatangajwe mu Igazeti ya Leta, n’ubwo ryaba rikomeye cyangwa ryoroheje – Ikurikizwa ry’itegeko risobanura irindi ni irengayobora ry’ihame ryo kudasubira inyuma (exception au principe de la non rétroactivité).

Incamake y’ikibazo: Urubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, Ubushinjacyaha burega Bahati icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, bumushinja kuba ku wa 15/2/2019, yarafatanywe udupfunyika tw’urumogi mirongo itanu n’icyenda (59) iwe mu rugo, afatwa n’abapolisi bashinzwe kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge, bari bagiyeyo nyuma yo guhabwa amakuru n’inzego z’Ibanze ko acuruza urumogi, ndetse ko yari arimo kurucuruza, kuko hari umuntu wari uvuye kurugurayo, ko bagezeyo bagasanga yarubitse ku musarani (toilettes) aho yari yacukuye kugira ngo batarubona. Uregwa yaburanye yemera icyaha aregwa, asaba imbabazi, avuga ko atazongera gucuruza urumogi, asobanura ko yabitewe n’uko afite abana arera wenyine. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko uregwa ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda angana na miliyoni makumyabiri n’imwe (21.000.000 Frw).

Uregwa ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza, ajuririra Urukiko Rukuru, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko yemera icyaha akagisabira imbabazi, asaba no guhabwa isubikagihano bitewe n’uko yasize abana bakiri bato cyane, kandi badafite ubitaho, Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa bwe nta shingiro bufite, rwemeza ko imikirize y’urubanza yajuririye idahindutse.

Uregwa yarongeye, ajuririra Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwamuhannye rushingiye ku itegeko ritanga ibihano biremereye, kandi yarakoze icyaha ku wa 15/2/2019, ko afatwa hariho itegeko ritanga ibihano byoroheje. Asoza asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kwemeza ko hari impamvu zoroshya uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze, ndetse akagabanyirizwa igihano cy’igifungo yakatiwe n’inkiko zabanje. Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze inzitizi yo kutakira ubujurire bwa BAHATI Françoise kuko yatsinzwe ku rwego rwa mbere n’urwa kabiri ku mpamvu zimwe, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwaciye urubanza rubanziriza urundi, rwemeza ko inzitizi yatanzwe n’Ubushinjacyaha yo kutakira ubujurire bw’uregwa nta shingiro ifite.

Mu miburanire y’urubanza mu mizi, uregwa yasobanuye ko Urukiko Rukuru rwamuhannye rushingiye ku Iteka rya Minisitiri ritariho igihe yakoraga icyaha, kuko ryasohotse ku wa 4/3/2019, icyaha yaragikoze ku wa 15/2/2019, ko nta mpamvu yumvikana Urukiko Rukuru rwashingiyeho mu kumuhana  rushingiye ku Iteka rya Minisitiri ryaje nyuma y’uko akora icyaha, mu gihe ubwo yagikoraga ari ntaho byari biteganyijwe ko urumogi ari ikiyobyabwenge gihambaye, yongeraho ko Urukiko Rukuru rwashingiye ku gihano kidakwiye, kuko mu kugabanya igihano hagombaga gushingirwa ku gifungo cy’imyaka irindwi (7) kikagabanywa kugeza ku myaka itatu (3), yanasabye Urukiko kumugabanyiriza igihano, ndetse akaba yanasubikirwa kuko afite uburwayi budakira kandi akaba yarasize abana babiri (2) atazi aho baherereye.

Ubushinjacyaha bwo buvuga ko amategeko asobanura andi akoreshwa uhereye igihe ayo yaje gusobanura yatangiye gukoresherezwa. Buvuga kandi ko butemeranya n’ibyo uregwa avuga bijyanye no kuba Urukiko Rukuru rwaragombaga kumugabanyiriza ibihano rushingiye ku gifungo cy’imyaka irindiwi (7), kuko ntaho bigeze bagaragaza itegeko cyangwa ikindi cyose kigaragaza ko kuri we urumogi rwagombaga gufatwa nk’ururi mu cyiciro cy’ibiyobyabwenge byoroheje, kuko urumogi yafashwe acuruza ruri mu cyiciro cy’ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye nk’uko biteganywa mu Iteka rya Ministiri.

Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Itegeko risobanura irindi rifatwa nk’igice cy’itegeko risobanura, bivuze ko itegeko risobanura irindi risubira inyuma (effet rétroactif), rigakurizwa ku va umunsi itegeko ryasobanuwe ryatangajwe mu Igazeti ya Leta, n’ubwo ryaba rikomeye cyangwa ryoroheje, kubera iyo mpamvu ikurikizwa ry’itegeko risobanura irindi ni irengayobora ry’ihame ryo kudasubira inyuma (exception au principe de la non rétroactivité), bityo ibivugwa n’uregwa ko yahanwe hashingiwe ku itegeko ritariho igihe yakoraga icyaha, bikaba bitahabwa agaciro.

2.Umucamanza afite inshingano yo guhanisha uwahamwe n’icyaha igihano gikwiye, akurikije uburemere bw’icyaha, ingaruka icyaha cyateye, impamvu zatumye agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye bwite n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo, bityo uregwa akwiye kugabanyirizwa igihano giteganywa n’Itegeko, agahanishwa igihano gihuje n’icyaha yakoze.

Urubanza ruhindutse ku bijyanye n’igihano.

Amategeko yashingiweho:

Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 49,58, 60 n’iya 263.

Iteka rya Minisitiri Nº 001/MoH/2019 ryo ku wa 4/3/2019 rigena urutonde rw’ibiyobyabwenge n’ibyiciro byabyo, ingingo ya 9.

Imanza zifashishijwe:

Urubanza RS/INCONST/SPEC 00003/2019/SC; Re. KABASINGA - RLR - V.2 - 2020

Urubanza RS/INCONST/SPEC 00005/2020/CS-RS/INCONST/SPEC 00006/2020/CS; Re KABASINGA ET AL - RLR V.4-2021.

Inyandiko z’abahanga:

Nyabirungu mwene Songa, Droit pénal général Zaïrois, Editions Droit et Société, DES, Kinshasa, 1989, P.45.

Frédéric Desportes et Francis Le Gunehec, Droit pénal général, 14e édition, Economica, Paris, 2007, P. 272, Nº 329.

Harald Renout, Droit pénal général, Paradigme, Orléans, 2005-2006, P.68.

Gaz. Pal. 1990, 2. Somm. 443, in Mégacode, Code civil, Dalloz, Paris, 1997-1998, P. 6.

 

 

Urubanza

 I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA

[1]               Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, Ubushinjacyaha burega BAHATI Françoise icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, bumushinja kuba ku wa 15/2/2019, yarafatanywe udupfunyika tw’urumogi mirongo itanu n’icyenda (59) iwe mu rugo, afatwa n’abapolisi bashinzwe kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge, bari bagiyeyo nyuma yo guhabwa amakuru n’inzego z’Ibanze ko acuruza urumogi, ndetse ko yari arimo kurucuruza, kuko hari umuntu wari uvuye kurugurayo, ko bagezeyo bagasanga yarubitse ku musarani (toilettes) aho yari yacukuye kugira ngo batarubona.

[2]               BAHATI Françoise yaburanye yemera icyaha aregwa, asaba imbabazi, avuga ko atazongera gucuruza urumogi, asobanura ko yabitewe n’uko afite abana arera wenyine. Yanasobanuye ko arangura agapfunyika kamwe (1) k’urumogi ku mafaranga magana abiri na mirongo itanu (250 Frw), akarugurisha ku mafaranga magana atanu (500 Frw).

[3]               Mu rubanza nº RP 00282/2019/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe ku wa 16/4/2020, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwemeje ko BAHATI Françoise ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda angana na miliyoni makumyabiri n’imwe (21.000.000 Frw).

[4]               BAHATI Françoise ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza, ajuririra Urukiko Rukuru, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko yemera icyaha akagisabira imbabazi, asaba no guhabwa isubikagihano bitewe n’uko yasize abana bakiri bato cyane, kandi badafite ubitaho.

[5]               Mu rubanza RPA 01257/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 30/6/2020, Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa BAHATI Françoise nta shingiro bufite, rwemeza ko imikirize y’urubanza yajuririye idahindutse.

[6]               BAHATI Françoise ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza, ajuririra Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 6/7/2020, avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwamuhannye rushingiye ku itegeko ritanga ibihano biremereye, kandi yarakoze icyaha ku wa 15/2/2019, ko afatwa hariho itegeko ritanga ibihano byoroheje. Asoza asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kwemeza ko hari impamvu zoroshya uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze, ndetse akagabanyirizwa igihano cy’igifungo yakatiwe n’inkiko zabanje. Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze inzitizi yo kutakira ubujurire bwa BAHATI Françoise kuko yatsinzwe ku rwego rwa mbere n’urwa kabiri ku mpamvu zimwe.

[7]               Ku wa 2/7/2021, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwaciye urubanza rubanziriza urundi, rwemeza ko inzitizi yatanzwe n’Ubushinjacyaha yo kutakira ubujurire bwa BAHATI FranÇoise nta shingiro ifite.

[8]               Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu mizi ku wa 12/10/2021, BAHATI Françoise yunganirwa na Me MUGABO Yusuf Sharif, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na DUSHIMIMANA Claudine, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu.

II. IBIBAZO BIRI MU RUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA RYABYO

Kumenya niba BAHATI Françoise yarahanwe hashingiwe ku itegeko ritariho igihe yakoraga icyaha

[9]               BAHATI Françoise avuga ko yakoze icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi ku wa 15/2/2019, hariho Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, aho icyo cyaha yakoze cyateganywaga kandi kigahanishwa n’ingingo ya 263, rigatanga igihano kuva ku myaka irindwi (7), nyuma hasohoka Iteka rya Minisitiri n° 001/MoH/2019 ryo ku wa 4/3/2019 rigena urutonde rw’ibiyobyabwenge n’ibyiciro byabyo, ari naryo Urukiko Rukuru rwashingiyeho rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25), kuko iryo Teka ryashyize urumogi mu biyobyabwenge bihambaye, kandi atari ko byari biri mbere, akaba asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kumuhana hashingiwe ku itegeko ryariho akora icyaha.

[10]           Me MUGABO Sharif Yusuf, wunganira BAHATI Françoise, avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwamuhannye rushingiye ku Iteka rya Minisitiri ritariho igihe yakoraga icyaha, kuko ryasohotse ku wa 4/3/2019, icyaha yaragikoze ku wa 15/2/2019, ko kandi iyo urebye ibiteganywa n’ingingo zitandukanye, by’umwihariko iya 29, agace kayo ka 4, y’Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda, iteganya ko buri muntu afite uburenganzira bwo kudahanishwa igihano kiruta icyari giteganyijwe n'amategeko mu gihe yakoraga icyaha, n’ingingo ya 6 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko mu gihe hari amategeko ahana, rimwe ryariho mu gihe icyaha cyakorwaga, irindi ryaratangajwe nyuma y’uko icyaha gikorwa, ariko urubanza rutaracibwa burundu, itegeko rishya ari ryo rikurikizwa iyo riteganya igihano cyoroheje.

[11]           Me MUGABO Sharif Yusuf akomeza avuga ko nta mpamvu yumvikana Urukiko Rukuru rwashingiyeho mu guhana BAHATI Françoise rushingiye ku Iteka rya Minisitiri ryaje nyuma y’uko akora icyaha, mu gihe ubwo yagikoraga ari ntaho byari biteganyijwe ko urumogi ari ikiyobyabwenge gihambaye, ko nibura yari guhanirwa ibikorwa yakoze, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 263 y’Itegeko riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange aho ihanishwa ugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byoroheje igifungo kitari munsi y’imyaka irindwi (7) ariko kitarenze imyaka icumi (10) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda atari munsi ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw), ariko atageze kuri miliyoni icumi (10.000.000 Frw). Asoza asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kwemeza ko aribyo bihano byari bushingirweho mu guhana BAHATI Françoise.

[12]           Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko butemeranya n’ibyo BAHATI Françoise n’umwunganira mu mategeko bavuga, ku bijyanye n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 29, agace ka 6°, y’Itegeko Nshinga iteganya ukudahanishwa igihano kiruta icyari giteganyijwe n'amategeko mu gihe yakoraga icyaha, ko ibivugwa muri iyo ngingo, ntaho byahurira n’urubanza rwa BAHATI Françoise kuko igihe yakoreye igikorwa cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi cyateganywaga n’itegeko nk’icyaha kandi kigahanishwa ingingo ya 263 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iyi ngingo ikaba ari nayo Urukiko Rukuru rwashingiyeho rumuhanisha igihano yahawe.

[13]           Ku bijyanye n’ingingo ya 6 y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, iteganya ko itegeko rikoreshwa igihe hari amategeko ahana, iryariho icyaha gikorwa n’iryasohotse nyuma y’ikorwa ry’icyaha, Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko itegeko riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ryashingiweho BAHATI Françoise ahanwa ridakwiye kugereranywa n’Iteka rya Minisitiri n° 001/MoH/2019 ryo ku wa 4/3/2019 rigena urutonde rw’ibiyobyabwenge n’ibyiciro byabyo, nka mategeko abiri ahana, kuko nta cyaha cyangwa igihano riteganya, ko ahubwo ari amategeko abiri yuzuzanya rimwe risobanura irindi (loi interprétative[1]).

[14]           Ubushinjacyaha bukomeza buvuga ko bene aya mategeko asobanura andi akoreshwa uhereye igihe ayo yaje gusobanura yatangiye gukoresherezwa, nk’uko umuhanga mu mategeko Harald Renout yabisobanuye mu gitabo cye yise ‘’ Droit Pénal Général[2]’’, ko rero hashingiye kuri ibi bisobanuro, nta kosa Urukiko Rukuru rwakoze mu guhana BAHATI Françoise hagendewe kubyo iryo Teka ryasobanuye bishyira urumogi mu biyobyabwenge bihambaye, kandi ko ingingo ya 263, igika cya nyuma, y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko iryo Teka rishyiraho urutonde rw’ibiyobyabwenge n’ibyiciro byaryo rizabaho, rigasobanura ibyo Umushingamategeko atasobanuye mu itegeko.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA

[15]           Ingingo ya 263, igika cya nyuma, y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko ‘’ Iteka rya Minisitiri ufite ubuzima mu nshingano ze rishyiraho urutonde rw’ibiyobyabwenge bigize buri cyiciro’’.

[16]           Ingingo ya 9 y’Iteka rya Minisitiri nº 001/MoH/2019 ryo ku wa 4/3/2019 rigena urutonde rw’ibiyobyabwenge n’ibyiciro byabyo iteganya ko ‘’ Iri teka ritangira gukurikizwa ku munsi ritangarijweho mu Igazeti ya Leta ya Repubulika y’u Rwanda’’.

[17]           Umugereka wa I w’Iteka rya Minisitiri nº 001/MoH/2019 ryo ku wa 4/3/2019 rigena urutonde rw’ibiyobyabwenge n’ibyiciro byabyo ugaragaza ko urumogi ruri ku cyiciro cya mbere kirebana n’ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye.

[18]           Nk’uko bigaragara mu nyandiko-mvugo y’ifatira, ku wa 15/2/2019, BAHATI FranÇoise yafatanywe udupfunyika mirongo itanu n’icyenda (59) tw’urumogi.

[19]           Nk’uko bigaragara mu gace ka cumi na gatatu (13) k’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru rwifashishije ingingo ya 263, igika cya gatatu (3), y’Itegeko n˚ 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, rwanzura ko ibyo iteganya bihura n’ibikorwa BAHATI Françoise yakoze byo gucuruza urumogi, rwemeza ko agomba guhanwa mu buryo buteganywa n’iyo ngingo, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25).

[20]           Hagendewe ku bimaze kuvugwa haruguru, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga itariki ya 15/2/2019, BAHATI FranÇoise yafatiweho acuruza urumogi ari nyuma y’uko Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange rigiriyeho, kandi rihana ibyo bikorwa bye mu ngingo ya 263, igika cyayo cya 3, bikaba byari biteganyijwe ko urutonde rw’ibiyobyabwenge bigize buri cyiciro bizashyirwaho n’Iteka rya Minisitiri ufite ubuzima mu nshingano ze.

[21]           Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nk’uko bigaragazwa n’Igazeti ya Leta nº 10 yo ku wa 11/3/2019, Iteka rya Minisitiri nº 001/MoH/2019 ryo ku wa 4/3/2019 rigena urutonde rw’ibiyobyabwenge n’ibyiciro byabyo ryatangajwe ku wa 11/3/2019, kandi nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo yayo ya 9, ritangira gukurikizwa ku munsi ritangarijweho mu Igazeti ya Leta ya Repubulika y’u Rwanda.

[22]           Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga muri kamere yayo, Iteka rya Minisitiri nº 001/MoH/2019 ryo ku wa 4/3/2019 rigena urutonde rw’ibiyobyabwenge n’ibyiciro byabyo ni itegeko risobanura irindi, ryaje gusobanura ibiteganywa mu ngingo ya 263 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ryerekana neza ibyitwa ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye, ibiyobyabwenge bikomeye, ibiyobyabwenge byoroheje, rikaba ryarashyizweho hakurikijwe ibivugwa mu gika cya nyuma cy’ingingo ya 263 ryavuzwe haruguru.

[23]           Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga itegeko risobanura irindi rifatwa nk’igice cy’itegeko risobanura[3] ku buryo Urukiko rugomba kuryubahiriza, bivuze ko itegeko risobanura irindi risubira inyuma (effet rétroactif)[4], rigakurizwa ku va umunsi itegeko ryasobanuwe ryatangajwe mu Igazeti ya Leta[5], n’ubwo ryaba rikomeye cyangwa ryoroheje[6]. Ibi bisobanura rero ko ikurikizwa ry’itegeko risobanura irindi ni irengayobora ry’ihame ryo kudasubira inyuma (exception au principe de la non rétroactivité).

[24]           Uretse n’ibyo, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga mu gihe Umushingamategeko yavuze mu gika cya nyuma cy’ingingo ya 263, y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018ryavuzwe haruguru, ko Iteka rya Minisitiri ufite ubuzima mu nshingano ze rishyiraho urutonde rw’ibiyobyabwenge bigize buri cyiciro, byumvikanisha nta shiti ko yaragaraje ubushake bwe bwo kugira Iteka rya Minisitiri itegeko risobanura neza ibivugwa mu ngingo ya 263, ku buryo ibisobanuro byatanzwe mu Iteka rya Minisitiri bigize nabyo ibiteganywa muri iyo ngingo, kandi bitangira gukurikizwa kuva umunsi Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, bikaba bigomba gukoreshwa mu manza zose zirebana n’ibyaha byakozwe kuva Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 ryatangajwe mu Igazeti ya Leta y’u Rwanda, zitabaye ndakuka[7].

[25]           Hashingiwe ku byasobanuwe haruguru, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nta ngaruka kubw’amategeko kuba ingingo ya 9 y’Iteka rya Minisitiri nº 001/MoH/2019 ryo ku wa 4/3/2019 rigena urutonde rw’ibiyobyabwenge n’ibyiciro byabyo, iteganya ko iri Teka itangira gukurikizwa ku munsi ritangarijweho mu Igazeti ya Leta ya Repubulika y’u Rwanda, kuko muri kamere yayo, ryaje gusobanura no kuzuza ibiteganywa mu ngingo ya 263 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, ryatangiye gukurikizwa ku wa 27/9/2018.

[26]           Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga rero Iteka rya Minisitiri ridahana ridashobora guhangana (conflit) n’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 kuko ryaje gusobanura no kuzuza ibiteganywa mu ngingo ryayo rya 263, bityo ibivugwa na BAHATI FranÇoise ko yahanwe hashingiwe ku itegeko ritariho igihe yakoraga icyaha, bikaba bitahabwa agaciro.

[27]           Kubera izo mpamvu zose, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga mu guhana BAHATI FranÇoise, nta kosa Urukiko Rukuru rwakoze rushingira ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 263 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, ku biteganywa n’Iteka rya Minisitiri nº 001/MoH/2019 ryo ku wa 4/3/2019 ryavuzwe haruguru no ku mugereka w’iryo Teka rya Minisitiri, bityo iyi ngingo y’ubujurire bwa BAHATI FranÇoise nta shingiro ifite.

b. Kumenya niba BAHATI Françoise yakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano yakatiwe, akanabisubikirwa.

[28]           BAHATI Françoise avuga ko kuva ku wa 15/2/2019 afatanwa bule mirongo itanu n’icyenda (59) z’urumogi, yahise yemera icyaha, agisabira imbabazi, ariko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25), ari nacyo gihano Urukiko Rukuru rwamugumishijeho igihe yarujuririye, akaba atakambira Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, arusaba guca inkoni izamba rukamugabanyiriza icyo gihano, ndetse akaba yanasubikirwa kuko afite uburwayi budakira kandi akaba yarasize abana babiri (2) atazi aho baherereye.

[29]           Me MUGABO Sharif Yusuf, wunganira BAHATI Françoise, avuga ko ashingiye ku ngingo ya 49 y’Itegeko riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya uburyo Umucamanza atanga igihano, akurikije uburemere bw'icyaha, ingaruka icyaha cyateye, impamvu zatumye agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye bwite, n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo.

[30]           Me MUGABO Sharif Yusuf akomeza avuga kandi ko ashingiye ku bwigenge Umucamanza aba afite mu guca urubanza, nk’uko Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwabitanzeho umurongo mu rubanza nº RS/INCONST/SPEC 00003/2019/SC rwo ku wa 4/12/2019, mu gace karwo ka mirongo itatu na gatanu (35), aho rwasanze icyo aricyo cyose cyabuza Umucamanza guca urubanza mu bwisanzure cyaba kinyuranyije n’ihame ry’ubwigenge bw’Umucamanza, akaba asanga n’ubwo Urukiko Rukuru rwasuzumye ibyo kugabanyiriza BAHATI Françoise ibihano, ariko rwashingiye ku gihano kidakwiye, kuko mu kugabanya igihano hagombaga gushingirwa ku gifungo cy’imyaka irindwi (7) kikagabanywa kugeza ku myaka itatu (3).

[31]           Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko butemeranya n’ibyo BAHATI Françoise n’umwunganira mu mategeko bavuga bijyanye no kuba Urukiko Rukuru rwaragombaga kumugabanyiriza ibihano rushingiye ku gifungo cy’imyaka irindiwi (7), kuko ntaho bigeze bagaragaza itegeko cyangwa ikindi cyose kigaragaza ko kuri we urumogi rwagombaga gufatwa nk’ururi mu cyiciro cy’ibiyobyabwenge byoroheje, ko rero yaragombaga guhanwa hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 263, igika cya gatatu (3), agace ka mbere (1°), kuko urumogi yafashwe acuruza ruri mu cyiciro cy’ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye nk’uko biteganywa mu Iteka rya Ministiri ryavuze haruguru.

[32]           Ku bijyanye n’agace ka mirongo itatu na gatanu (35) k’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga Me MUGABO yagarutseho, Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko busanga yarafashe agace gato cyane karwo, kandi nako akavugisha ibyo katavuga, kuko muri urwo rubanza hasuzumwe ibyateganywaga n'ingingo ya 133, igika cya gatanu (5) y’Itegeko nº 68/2018, hagenderewe kumenya niba hari icyabangamira ubwisanzure bw’Umucamanza mu kugabanya igihano kabone n’ubwo haba hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, hakaba harifashishijwe urubanza rwaciwe n'Urukiko rwa Canada hagaragazwa uburyo nta muntu n'umwe waza kwivanga mu buryo Umucamanza afata icyemezo, ko ariko urebye uburyo Me MUGABO Sharif Yusuf we abivuga ari nk’aho ashaka kwerekana ko Umucamanza yemerewe kugabanya ibihano ajya no hanze y’ibyateganyijwe n’amategeko mu gufata icyemezo, cyane cyane ku bijyanye n’impamvu nyoroshyacyaha.

[33]           Ku bijyanye no kuba BAHATI Françoise asaba gusubikirwa ibihano kugira ngo ajye kwita ku bana, Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko busanga yarabisabye no mu Rukiko rubanza nk’uko bigaragara mu gace ka cumi n’umunani (18) k'urubanza rwajuririwe, ko kandi uretse kubivuga nta kimenyetso abigaragariza, ko busaba Urukiko rw'Ubujurire kutabiha agaciro.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA

[34]           Ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko “Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uburemere bw'icyaha, ingaruka icyaha cyateye, impamvu zatumye agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye bwite n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo’’.

[35]           Ingingo ya 58, igika cya mbere (1), y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko “Umucamanza ubwe ni we ugena niba impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemezwa n’umucamanza zahabwa agaciro’’.

[36]           Ingingo ya 60, agace ka mbere, y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru iteganya ko ‘’ Iyo hari impamvu zigabanya ububi bw’icyaha, haseguriwe ibiteganywa mu ingingo ya 107, igihano cyo gufungwa burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25)’’.

[37]           Ingingo ya 263, igika cya gatatu (3), agace ka mbere (1), y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru iteganya ko ‘’Umuntu wese (……) ugurisha mu gihugu ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo mu buryo bunyuranije n’amategeko, aba akoze icyaha, akaba agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda arenze miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw), ariko atarenze miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000 Frw) ku byerekeye ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye.

[38]           Nk’uko bigaragara mu gace ka cumi na karindwi (17) k’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru, rushingiye ku kuba BAHATI Françoise yaraburanye yemera icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho kuva mu Rukiko rubanza, agisabira imbabazi, akicuza kandi akaba yarabikoze mu ntangiriro z’iburanisha ku rwego rwa mbere, rwasobanuye ko ari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zatuma agabanyirizwa igihano, ariko kuba Urukiko rubanza rwamugabanyirije igihano rushingiye kuri izo mpamvu, igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni makumyabiri n’imwe (21.000.000 Frw) yahanishijwe ku rwego rwa mbere, bigomba kugumaho.

[39]           Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga kuba Urukiko rwabanje rwarashingiye ku mpamvu zagaragajwe na BAHATI Françoise mu bujurire asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano yakatiwe, atari impamvu yatuma atagabanyirizwa igihano ku rwego rw’ubujurire kuko ishingano y’Umucamanza ni guha uwahamwe n’icyaha igihano gikwiye kandi gihuje n’imigendekere y’icyaha cyakozwe (principe de la proportionnalité des peines à l’infraction).

[40]           Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga kandi Urukiko Rukuru rutari kugabanyiriza BAHATI Françoise hagendewe ku gihano gito giteganywa n’ingingo ya 263, igika cya gatatu, agace ka gatatu (3º), ni ukuvuga igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka irindwi (7), ihana uwahamijwe kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byorohoje, kuko nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru mu ngingo ya mbere y’ubujurire bwa BAHATI Françoise, icyaha yakoze ari ukugurisha urumogi, rugize ikiyobyabwenge gihambaye.

[41]           Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ariko kandi n’ubwo BAHATI Françoise yacuruje ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, kuba ari ubwa mbere akoze icyaha bizwi kandi akaba yaraburanye yemera icyaha agasaba imbabazi, agaragaza ukwicuza kudashidikanywaho kuva mu ntangiriro, akwiye kugabanyirizwa igihano giteganywa n’Itegeko, agahanishwa igihano gihuje n’icyaha yakoze.

[42]           Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga rero mu kumugabanyiriza igihano, rugomba gushingira ku rubanza n° RS/INCONST/SPEC 00003/2019/SC rwo ku wa 4/12/2019 no ku rubanza nº RS/INCONST/SPEC 00005/2020/CS-RS/INCONST/SPEC 00006/2020/CS rwo ku wa 12/2/2020, zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, aho izo manza zombi zasobanuye ko Umucamanza afite inshingano yo guhanisha uwahamwe n’icyaha igihano gikwiye, akurikije uburemere bw’icyaha, ingaruka icyaha cyateye, impamvu zatumye agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye bwite n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, ko kumubuza kugabanya igihano giteganyijwe n’itegeko, kandi hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, cyangwa kubimwemerera, mu gihe izo mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha zihari, ariko kugabanya igihano ntibijye munsi y’igihano gito ntarengwa giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe, byaba ari ukumwabura ubwisanzure n’ibwigenge bwo gutanga igihano kigendanye n’icyaha cyakozwe, bituma adaha umuburanyi uburenganzira ku butabera buboneye, ibi bikaba binyuranyije n’ingingo ya 29 n’iya 151 z’Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ryo mu 2003 ryavuguruwe mu 2015. Mu kwemeza ibyo byose, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwashatse kugaragaza ko nta cyabuza Umucamanza kugabanyiriza mu buryo bukwiye uwahamwe n’icyaha igihano giteganywa n’itegeko, hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingino ya 49 y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru.

[43]           Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro byagaragajwe haruguru, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 60, agace ka mbere (1), y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, bibuza Umucamanza kugabanya igihano cyo gufungwa burundu munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumabyiri n’itanu (25), mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, bidakwiye gukoreshwa kuko binyuranye n’amahame y’ubutabera buboneye, ubwisanzure n’ubwigenge bw’Umucamanza.

[44]           Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro byagaragajwe haruguru, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga BAHATI Françoise agomba guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw), aho kuba igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri n’imwe (21.000.000 Frw) yari yahanishijwe n’inkiko zabanje.

[45]           Ku bijjyanye no kuba BAHATI Françoise asaba gusubikirwa ibihano kuko arwaye indwara idakira ndetse akaba yifuza kujya kwita ku bana bato yasize, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rusanga uretse no kuba nta kimenyetso abitangira nk’uko Ubushinjacyaha bwabigarutseho, ariko runemeranya nibyo Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko byaba binyuranye n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 64 y’Itegeko n˚ 68/2018 ryamaze kuvugwa haruguru kuko igihano cy’igifungo yahanishijwe kirenze igifungo cy’imyaka itanu (5), bikaba byumvikana ko ibyo asaba bidashoboka.

[46]           Kubera izo mpamvu zose zimaze kugaragazwa, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga n’ubwo ubujurire bwa BAHATI Françoise nta shingiro bufite, urubanza rujuririrwa ruhindutse ku birebana n’igihano.

III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO

[47]           Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa BAHATI Françoise nta shingiro bufite;

[48]           Rwemeje ariko ko urubanza RPA 01257/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 30/6/2020, ruhindutse ku birebana n’igihano BAHATI Françoise yari yahanishijwe;

[49]           Rumuhanishije igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw), aho kuba igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri n’imwe (21.000.000 Frw) yari yahanishijwe n’inkiko zabanje;

[50]           Ruvuze ko amagarama y’urubanza aherera ku Isanduku ya Leta.